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8.7.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
180/53
ACTS ADOPTED BY BODIES CREATED BY
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation
should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at:
http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html
Regulation No 49 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) —
Uniform provisions concerning the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and
particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of
gaseous pollutants from positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas
for use in vehicles
2010 amendments to Regulation 49 published in OJ L 103, 12.4.2008, p. 1.
Incorporating:
Supplement 3 to the 05 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 9 December 2010
Supplement 4 to the 05 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 23 June 2011
Amendments to the list of contents
Insert new Annex 4C:
Annex 4C — Particle Number Measurement Test Procedure
Appendix — Particle Number Emissions Measurement Equipment
Amendments to the main text of the Regulation
Paragraph 1.1, amend to read:
‘1.1. This Regulation shall apply to motor vehicles of categories M 1 , M 2 , N 1 and N 2 with a reference
mass exceeding 2 610 kg and to all motor vehicles of categories M 3 and N 3 ( 1 ).
At the request of the manufacturer, the type approval of a completed vehicle given under this
Regulation shall be extended to its incomplete vehicle with a reference mass below 2 610 kg.
Type approvals shall be extended if the manufacturer can demonstrate that all bodywork combi
nations expected to be built onto the incomplete vehicle increase the reference mass of the
vehicle to above 2 610 kg.
The following do not need to be approved according to this Regulation: engines mounted in
vehicles of up to 2 840 kg reference mass to which an approval to Regulation No 83 has been
granted as an extension.
Table A
Applicability
Positive-ignition engines Compression-ignition
engines
Vehicle
category ( 1 )
Petrol NG
( a ) LPG
( b ) Diesel Ethanol
M 1
R49 or R83 ( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c )
M 2
R49 or R83 ( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c )

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Positive-ignition engines Compression-ignition
engines
Vehicle
category ( 1 )
Petrol NG
( a ) LPG
( b ) Diesel Ethanol
M 3
R49 R49 R49 R49 R49
N 1
R49 or R83 ( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c )
N 2
R49 or R83 ( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c ) R49
or
R83
( c )
N 3
R49 R49 R49 R49 R49
( a ) Natural Gas.
( b ) Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
( c ) Regulation No 83 applies for vehicles with a reference mass ≤ 2 610 kg and by extension of an approval for vehicles with
a reference mass ≤ 2 840 kg.
Table B
Requirements
Positive-ignition engines Compression-ignition
engines
Petrol NG LPG Diesel Ethanol
Gaseous pollutants
— Yes Yes Yes Yes
Particulates
— Yes
( a ) Yes
( a ) Yes Yes
Smoke
—
—
— Yes Yes
Durability
— Yes Yes Yes Yes
In-service-conformity
— Yes Yes Yes Yes
OBD
— Yes
( b ) Yes
( b ) Yes Yes
( a ) Only applicable to stage C in Table 2 of paragraph 5.2.1.
( b ) Application dates according to paragraph 5.4.2.
___________
( 1 ) As defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3),
document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend.2, as last amended by Amend.4).’
Insert new paragraphs 2.1.64 to 2.1.66, to read:
‘2.1.64. ‘Reference mass’ means the ‘unladen mass’ of the vehicle increased by a uniform figure of
100 kg for test according to Annexes 4A and 8 of Regulation No 83.
2.1.65. ‘Unladen mass’ means the mass of the vehicle in running order without the uniform mass of
the driver of 75 kg, passenger or load, but with the fuel tank 90 % full and the usual set of
tools and spare wheel on board, where applicable;
2.1.66. ‘Running order mass’ means the mass described in paragraph 2.6 of Annex 1 to the Regu
lation No 83 and for vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of more than 9
persons (in addition to the driver), the mass of a crew member (75 kg), if there is a crew seat
amongst the nine or more seats.’
Amendments to Annexes
Insert a new Annex 4C, to read:

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Journal
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European
Union L
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‘ANNEX 4C
PARTICLE NUMBER MEASUREMENT TEST PROCEDURE
1. Applicability
This Annex is not applicable for the purpose of type approval according to this Regulation for the
time being. It will be made applicable in the future.
2. Introduction
2.1. This Annex describes the method of determining particle number emissions of engines being tested
according to the test procedures defined in Annex 4B. Unless otherwise stated, all test conditions,
procedures and requirements are as stated in Annex 4B.
3. Sampling
3.1. Particle
number
emissions
Particle number emissions shall be measured by continuous sampling from either a partial flow
dilution system, as described in Annex 4B, Appendix 3, paragraph A.3.2.1 and A.3.2.2 or a full flow
dilution system as described in Annex 4B, Appendix 3, paragraph A.3.2.3 and A.3.2.4.
3.2. Diluent
filtration
Diluent used for both the primary and, where applicable, secondary dilution of the exhaust in the
dilution system shall be passed through filters meeting the High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA)
filter requirements defined in the Diluent Filter (DAF) subparagraphs of Annex 4B, Appendix 3,
paragraphs A.3.2.2 or A.3.2.4. The diluent may optionally be charcoal scrubbed before being passed
to the HEPA filter to reduce and stabilise the hydrocarbon concentrations in the diluent. It is
recommended that an additional coarse particle filter is situated before the HEPA filter and after
the charcoal scrubber, if used.
4. Operation
of
the
Sampling
System
4.1. Compensating for particle number sample flow — full flow dilution systems
4.1.1. To compensate for the mass flow extracted from the dilution system for particle number sampling
the extracted mass flow (filtered) shall be returned to the dilution system. Alternatively, the total mass
flow in the dilution system may be mathematically corrected for the particle number sample flow
extracted. Where the total mass flow extracted from the dilution system for particle number sampling
is less than 0,5 % of the total dilute exhaust gas flow in the dilution tunnel (med) this correction, or
flow return, may be neglected.
4.2. Compensating
for
particle
number
sample
flow
—
partial
flow
dilution
systems
4.2.1. For partial flow dilution systems the mass flow extracted from the dilution system for particle
number sampling shall be accounted for in controlling the proportionality of sampling. This shall
be achieved either by feeding the particle number sample flow back into the dilution system
upstream of the flow measuring device or by mathematical correction as outlined in paragraph
4.2.2 In the case of total sampling type partial flow dilution systems, the mass flow extracted for
particle number sampling shall also be corrected for in the particulate mass calculation as outlined in
paragraph 4.2.3.
4.2.2. The instantaneous exhaust gas flow rate into the dilution system (q mp ), used for controlling the
proportionality of sampling, shall be corrected according to one of the following methods;

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(a) In the case where the extracted particle number sample flow is discarded, equation (83) in Annex
4B, paragraph 9.4.6.2 shall be replaced by the following:
q mp q mdew – q mdw q ex
where:
q mp = sample flow of exhaust gas into partial flow dilution system, kg/s
q mdew = diluted exhaust mass flow rate, kg/s
q mdw = dilution air mass flow rate, kg/s
q ex = particle number sample mass flow rate, kg/s
The q ex signal sent to the partial flow system controller shall be accurate to within 0,1 % of q mdew
at all times and should be sent with frequency of at least 1 Hz.
(b) In the case where the extracted particle number sample flow is fully or partially discarded, but an
equivalent flow is fed back to the dilution system upstream of the flow measurement device,
equation (83) in Annex 4B, paragraph 9.4.6.2 shall be replaced by the following:
q mp q mdew – q mdw q ex – q sw
where:
q mp = sample flow of exhaust gas into partial flow dilution system, kg/s,
q mdew = diluted exhaust mass flow rate, kg/s,
q mdw = dilution air mass flow rate, kg/s,
q ex = particle number sample mass flow rate, kg/s,
q sw = mass flow rate fed back into dilution tunnel to compensate for particle number sample
extraction, kg/s.
The difference between q ex and q sw sent to the partial flow system controller shall be accurate to
within 0,1 % of q mdew at all times. The signal (or signals) should be sent with frequency of at least
1 Hz.
4.2.3. Correction of PM measurement
When a particle number sample flow is extracted from a total sampling partial flow dilution system,
the mass of particulates (m PM ) calculated in Annex 4B, paragraph 8.4.3.2.1 or 8.4.3.2.2 shall be
corrected as follows to account for the flow extracted. This correction is required even where filtered
extracted flow is fed back into the partial flow dilution systems.
m
m

sed

PM

;corr m PM m sed – m ex
where:
m PM,corr = mass of particulates corrected for extraction of particle number sample flow, g/test,
m PM = mass of particulates determined according to Annex 4B paragraph 8.4.3.2.1 or 8.4.3.2.2,
g/test,
m sed
= total mass of diluted exhaust gas passing through the dilution tunnel, kg,
m ex
= total mass of diluted exhaust gas extracted from the dilution tunnel for particle number
sampling, kg.

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4.3. Proportionality of partial flow dilution sampling
4.3.1. For particle number measurement, exhaust mass flow rate, determined according to any of the
methods described in Annex 4B, paragraphs 8.4.1.3 to 8.4.1.7, is used for controlling the partial
flow dilution system to take a sample proportional to the exhaust mass flow rate. The quality of
proportionality shall be checked by applying a regression analysis between sample and exhaust flow
in accordance with Annex 4B, paragraph 9.4.6.1.
5. Determination
of
Particle
Numbers
5.1. Time
alignment
For partial flow dilution systems residence time in the particle number sampling and measurement
system shall be accounted for by time aligning the particle number signal with the test cycle and the
exhaust gas mass flow rate according to the procedures defined in Annex 4B paragraphs 3.1.30 and
8.4.2.2. The transformation time of the particle number sampling and measurement system shall be
determined according to paragraph 1.3.6 of Appendix to this Annex.
5.2. Determination of particle numbers with a partial flow dilution system
5.2.1. Where particle numbers are sampled using a partial flow dilution system according to the procedures
set out in Annex 4B, paragraph 8.4, the number of particles emitted over the test cycle shall be
calculated by means of the following equation:
m
N
edf
1; 293 :k:c s:f r:10 6
where:
N = number of particles emitted over the test cycle,
m edf = mass of equivalent diluted exhaust gas over the cycle, determined according to Annex 4B
paragraph 8.4.3.2.2, kg/test,
k = calibration factor to correct the particle number counter measurements to the level of the
reference instrument where this is not applied internally within the particle number counter.
Where the calibration factor is applied internally within the particle number counter, a value
of 1 shall be used for k in the above equation,
c s = average concentration of particles from the diluted exhaust gas corrected to standard
conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa), particles per cubic centimetre,
f r = mean particle concentration reduction factor of the volatile particle remover specific to the
dilution settings used for the test.
c s shall be calculated from the following equation:
c s P in i1 c s;i
n
where:
c s,i = a discrete measurement of particle concentration in the diluted gas exhaust from the particle
counter, corrected for coincidence and to standard conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa),
particles per cubic centimetre,
n = number of particle concentration measurements taken over the duration of the test.
5.3. Determination of particle numbers with a full flow dilution system

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5.3.1. Where particle numbers are sampled using a full flow dilution system according to the procedures set
out in Annex 4B, paragraph 8.5, the number of particles emitted over the test cycle shall be
calculated by means of the following equation:
m
N

ed
1; 293 :k:c s:f r:10 6
where:
N = number of particles emitted over the test cycle,
m ed = total diluted exhaust gas flow over the cycle calculated according to any one of the methods
described in Annex 4B, paragraphs 8.5.1.2 to 8.5.1.4, kg/test,
k = calibration factor to correct the particle number counter measurements to the level of the
reference instrument where this is not applied internally within the particle number counter.
Where the calibration factor is applied internally within the particle number counter, a value
of 1 shall be used for k in the above equation,
c s = average corrected concentration of particles from the diluted exhaust gas corrected to standard
conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa), particles per cubic centimetre,
f r = mean particle concentration reduction factor of the volatile particle remover specific to the
dilution settings used for the test.
c s shall be calculated from the following equation:
c s P in i1 c s;i
n
where:
c s,i = a discrete measurement of particle concentration in the diluted gas exhaust from the particle
counter, corrected for coincidence and to standard conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa),
particles per cubic centimetre,
n = number of particle concentration measurements taken over the duration of the test.
5.4. Test
result
5.4.1. For each individual WHSC, hot WHTC and cold WHTC the specific emissions in number of
particles/kWh shall be calculated as follows:
N
e W act
where:
e = is the number of particles emitted per kWh,
W act = is the actual cycle work according to Annex 4B, paragraph 7.8.6, in kWh.
5.4.2. Exhaust after-treatment systems with periodic regeneration
For engines equipped with periodically regenerating aftertreatment systems the WHTC hot start
emissions shall be weighted as follows:
n
e
e n r
w
e r
n n r
where:
e w = is the weighted average hot start WHTC specific emission, number of particles/kWh,
n = is the number of WHTC hot start tests without regeneration,
n r = is the number of WHTC hot start tests with regeneration (minimum one test),
e = is the average specific emission without regeneration, number of particles/kWh,
e r = is the average specific emission with regeneration, number of particles/kWh.

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For the determination of e r , the following provisions apply:
(a) if regeneration takes more than one hot start WHTC, consecutive full hot start WHTC tests shall
be conducted and emissions continued to be measured without soaking and without shutting the
engine off, until regeneration is completed, and the average of the hot start WHTC tests be
calculated;
(b) if regeneration is completed during any hot start WHTC, the test shall be continued over its
entire length.
In agreement with the type approval authority, regeneration adjustment may be applied by either
multiplicative or additive adjustment based on good engineering analysis.
Multiplicative regeneration adjustment factors k r shall be determined as follows:
e
k

w

r;u
(upward)
e
e
k

w

r
(downward)
;d e r
Additive regeneration adjustment (k r ) shall be determined as follows:
k r,u = e w – e (upward)
k r,d = e w – e r (downward)
The regeneration adjustment k r :
(c) shall be applied to the weighted WHTC test result as per paragraph 5.4.3,
(d) may be applied to the WHSC and cold WHTC, if a regeneration occurs during the cycle,
(e) may be extended to other members of the same engine family,
(f) may be extended to other engine families using the same aftertreatment system with the prior
approval of the type Approval Authority based on technical evidence to be supplied by the
manufacturer that the emissions are similar.
5.4.3. Weighted average WHTC test result
For the WHTC, the final test result shall be a weighted average from cold start and hot start
(including periodic regeneration where relevant) tests calculated using one of the following equations:
(a) in the case of multiplicative regeneration adjustment, or engines without periodically regenerating
aftertreatment
e k r 8 > : 0; 14 N cold 0; 86 N hot 9
0; 14 W act;cold
0; 86 W act;hot > ;
(b) in the case of additive regeneration adjustment
e k r 8 > : 0; 14 N cold 0; 86 N hot 9
0; 14 W act;cold 0; 86 W act;hot > ;
where:
N cold
= is the total number of particles emitted over the WHTC cold test cycle,
N hot
= is the total number of particles emitted over the WHTC hot test cycle,

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W act,cold = is the actual cycle work over the WHTC cold test cycle according to Annex 4B, paragraph
7.8.6, in kWh,
W act, hot = is the actual cycle work over the WHTC hot test cycle according to Annex 4B, paragraph
7.8.6, in kWh,
k r
= is the regeneration adjustment, according to paragraph 5.4.2, or in the case of engines
without periodically regenerating aftertreatment k r = 1.
5.4.4. Rounding of final results
The final WHSC and weighted average WHTC test results shall be rounded in one step to three
significant figures in accordance with ASTM E 29–06B. No rounding of intermediate values leading
to the final brake specific emission result is permissible.
6. Determination
of
Particle
Number
Background
6.1. At
the
engine
manufacturer’s
request,
dilution
tunnel
background
particle
number
concentrations
may be sampled, prior to or after the test, from a point downstream of the particle and hydrocarbon
filters into the particle number measurement system, to determine the tunnel background particle
concentrations.
6.2. Subtraction
of
particle
number
tunnel
background
concentrations
shall
not
be
allowed
for
type
approval, but may be used at the manufacturer’s request, with the prior approval of the type
approval authority, for conformity of production testing if it can be demonstrated that tunnel
background contribution is significant., which can then be subtracted from the values measured in
the diluted exhaust.

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Appendix
Particle Number Emissions Measurement Equipment
1. Specification
1.1. System
overview
1.1.1. The particle sampling system shall consist of a probe or sampling point extracting a sample from a
homogenously mixed flow in a dilution system as described in Annex 4B, Appendix 3, paragraph
A3.2.1 and A.3.2.2 or A3.2.3 and A.3.2.4, a volatile particle remover (VPR) upstream of a particle
number counter (PNC) and suitable transfer tubing.
1.1.2. It
is
recommended
that
a
particle
size
pre-classifier
(e.g.
cyclone,
impactor,
etc.)
be
located
prior
to
the inlet of the VPR. However, a sample probe acting as an appropriate size-classification device,
such as that shown in Annex 4B, Appendix 3, Figure 14, is an acceptable alternative to the use of a
particle size pre-classifier. In the case of partial flow dilution systems it is acceptable to use the
same pre-classifier for particulate mass and particle number sampling, extracting the particle
number sample from the dilution system downstream of the pre-classifier. Alternatively separate
pre-classifiers may be used, extracting the particle number sample from the dilution system
upstream of the particulate mass pre-classifier.
1.2. General
requirements
1.2.1. The
particle
sampling
point
shall
be
located
within
a
dilution
system.
The sampling probe tip or particle sampling point and particle transfer tube (PTT) together
comprise the particle transfer system (PTS). The PTS conducts the sample from the dilution
tunnel to the entrance of the VPR. The PTS shall meet the following conditions:
In the case of full flow dilution systems and partial flow dilution systems of the fractional sampling
type (as described in Annex 4B, Appendix 3, paragraph A.3.2.1) the sampling probe shall be
installed near the tunnel centre line, 10 to 20 tunnel diameters downstream of the gas inlet,
facing upstream into the tunnel gas flow with its axis at the tip parallel to that of the dilution
tunnel. The sampling probe shall be positioned within the dilution tract so that the sample is taken
from a homogeneous diluent/exhaust mixture.
In the case of partial flow dilution systems of the total sampling type (as described in Annex 4B,
paragraph A.3.2.1) the particle sampling point or sampling probe shall be located in the particulate
transfer tube, upstream of the particulate filter holder, flow measurement device and any sample/
bypass bifurcation point. The sampling point or sampling probe shall be positioned so that the
sample is taken from a homogeneous diluent/exhaust mixture. The dimensions of the particle
sampling probe should be sized not to interfere with the operation of the partial flow dilution
system.
Sample gas drawn through the PTS shall meet the following conditions:
In the case of full flow dilution systems, it shall have a flow Reynolds number (Re) of < 1 700;
In the case of partial flow dilution systems, it shall have a flow Reynolds number (Re) of < 1 700 in
the PTT i.e. downstream of the sampling probe or point;

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It shall have a residence time in the PTS of ≤ 3 seconds.
Any other sampling configuration for the PTS for which equivalent particle penetration at 30 nm
can be demonstrated will be considered acceptable.
The outlet tube (OT) conducting the diluted sample from the VPR to the inlet of the PNC shall have
the following properties:
It shall have an internal diameter of ≥ 4 mm;
Sample Gas flow through the OT shall have a residence time of ≤ 0,8 seconds.
Any other sampling configuration for the OT for which equivalent particle penetration at 30 nm
can be demonstrated will be considered acceptable.
1.2.2. The
VPR
shall
include
devices
for
sample
dilution
and
for
volatile
particle
removal.
1.2.3. All parts of the dilution system and the sampling system from the exhaust pipe up to the PNC,
which are in contact with raw and diluted exhaust gas, shall be designed to minimize deposition of
the particles. All parts shall be made of electrically conductive materials that do not react with
exhaust gas components, and shall be electrically grounded to prevent electrostatic effects.
1.2.4. The particle sampling system shall incorporate good aerosol sampling practice that includes the
avoidance of sharp bends and abrupt changes in cross-paragraph, the use of smooth internal
surfaces and the minimisation of the length of the sampling line. Gradual changes in the cross-
section are permissible.
1.3. Specific
requirements
1.3.1. The particle sample shall not pass through a pump before passing through the PNC.
1.3.2. A
sample
pre-classifier
is
recommended.
1.3.3. The
sample
preconditioning
unit
shall:
1.3.3.1. Be capable of diluting the sample in one or more stages to achieve a particle number concentration
below the upper threshold of the single particle count mode of the PNC and a gas temperature
below 35 °C at the inlet to the PNC;
1.3.3.2. Include an initial heated dilution stage which outputs a sample at a temperature of ≥ 150 °C and
≤ 400 °C, and dilutes by a factor of at least 10;

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1.3.3.3. Control heated stages to constant nominal operating temperatures, within the range specified in
paragraph 1.3.3.2, to a tolerance of ± 10 °C. Provide an indication of whether or not heated stages
are at their correct operating temperatures;
1.3.3.4. Achieve a particle concentration reduction factor (f r (d i )), as defined in paragraph 2.2.2 below, for
particles of 30 nm and 50 nm electrical mobility diameters, that is no more than 30 % and 20 %
respectively higher, and no more than 5 % lower than that for particles of 100 nm electrical
mobility diameter for the VPR as a whole;
1.3.3.5. Also achieve > 99,0 % vaporisation of 30 nm tetracontane (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 38 CH 3 ) particles, with an inlet
concentration of ≥ 10 000 cm –3 , by means of heating and reduction of partial pressures of the
tetracontane.
1.3.4. The
PNC
shall:
1.3.4.1. Operate under full flow operating conditions;
1.3.4.2. Have a counting accuracy of ± 10 % across the range 1 cm –3 to the upper threshold of the single
particle count mode of the PNC against a traceable standard. At concentrations below 100 cm –3
measurements averaged over extended sampling periods may be required to demonstrate the
accuracy of the PNC with a high degree of statistical confidence;
1.3.4.3. Have a readability of at least 0,1 particles cm –3 at concentrations below 100 cm –3 ;
1.3.4.4. Have a linear response to particle concentrations over the full measurement range in single particle
count mode;
1.3.4.5. Have a data reporting frequency equal to or greater than 0,5 Hz;
1.3.4.6. Have a t 90 response time over the measured concentration range of less than 5 s;
1.3.4.7. Incorporate a coincidence correction function up to a maximum 10 % correction, and may make
use of an internal calibration factor as determined in paragraph 2.1.3, but shall not make use of
any other algorithm to correct for or define the counting efficiency;
1.3.4.8. Have counting efficiencies at particle sizes of 23 nm (± 1 nm) and 41 nm (± 1 nm) electrical
mobility diameter of 50 % (± 12 %) and > 90 % respectively. These counting efficiencies may be
achieved by internal (for example; control of instrument design) or external (for example; size pre-
classification) means;
1.3.4.9. If the PNC makes use of a working liquid, it shall be replaced at the frequency specified by the
instrument manufacturer.

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1.3.5. Where they are not held at a known constant level at the point at which PNC flow rate is
controlled, the pressure and/or temperature at inlet to the PNC shall be measured and reported
for the purposes of correcting particle concentration measurements to standard conditions.
1.3.6. The sum of the residence time of the PTS, VPR and OT plus the t 90 response time of the PNC shall
be no greater than 20 s.
1.3.7. The
transformation
time
of
the
entire
particle
number
sampling
system
(PTS,
VPR,
OT
and
PNC)
shall be determined by aerosol switching directly at the inlet of the PTS. The aerosol switching shall
be done in less than 0,1 s. The aerosol used for the test shall cause a concentration change of at
least 60 % full scale (FS).
The concentration trace shall be recorded. For time alignment of the particle number concentration
and exhaust flow signals, the transformation time is defined as the time from the change (t 0 ) until
the response is 50 % of the final reading (t 50 ).
1.4. Recommended
system
description
The following paragraph contains the recommended practice for measurement of particle number.
However, any system meeting the performance specifications in paragraphs 1.2 and 1.3 is
acceptable.
Figures 14 and 15 are schematic drawings of the recommended particle sampling system configur
ations for partial and full flow dilution systems respectively.
Figure 14
Schematic of Recommended Particle Sampling System – Partial Flow Sampling

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Figure 15
Schematic of Recommended Particle Sampling System – Full Flow Sampling
1.4.1. Sampling
system
description
The particle sampling system shall consist of a sampling probe tip or particle sampling point in the
dilution system, a particle transfer tube (PTT), a particle pre-classifier (PCF) and a volatile particle
remover (VPR) upstream of the particle number concentration measurement (PNC) unit. The VPR
shall include devices for sample dilution (particle number diluters: PND 1 and PND 2 ) and particle
evaporation (Evaporation tube, ET). The sampling probe or sampling point for the test gas flow
shall be so arranged within the dilution tract that a representative sample gas flow is taken from a
homogeneous diluent/exhaust mixture. The sum of the residence time of the system plus the t 90
response time of the PNC shall be no greater than 20 s.
1.4.2. Particle
transfer
system
The sampling probe tip or particle sampling point and particle transfer tube (PTT) together
comprise the particle transfer system (PTS). The PTS conducts the sample from the dilution
tunnel to the entrance to the first particle number diluter. The PTS shall meet the following
conditions:
In the case of full flow dilution systems and partial flow dilution systems of the fractional sampling
type (as described in Annex 4B, Appendix 3, paragraph A.3.2.1) the sampling probe shall be
installed near the tunnel centre line, 10 to 20 tunnel diameters downstream of the gas inlet,
facing upstream into the tunnel gas flow with its axis at the tip parallel to that of the dilution
tunnel. The sampling probe shall be positioned within the dilution tract so that the sample is taken
from a homogeneous diluent/exhaust mixture.
In the case of partial flow dilution systems of the total sampling type (as described in Annex 4B,
paragraph A.3.2.1) the particle sampling point shall be located in the particulate transfer tube,
upstream of the particulate filter holder, flow measurement device and any sample/bypass bifur
cation point. The sampling point or sampling probe shall be positioned so that the sample is taken
from a homogeneous diluent/exhaust mixture.

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L 180/66
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
8.7.2011
Sample gas drawn through the PTS shall meet the following conditions:
It shall have a flow Reynolds number (Re) of < 1 700;
It shall have a residence time in the PTS of ≤ 3 seconds.
Any other sampling configuration for the PTS for which equivalent particle penetration for particles
of 30 nm electrical mobility diameter can be demonstrated will be considered acceptable.
The outlet tube (OT) conducting the diluted sample from the VPR to the inlet of the PNC shall have
the following properties:
It shall have an internal diameter of ≥ 4 mm;
Sample gas flow through the POT shall have a residence time of ≤ 0,8 seconds.
Any other sampling configuration for the OT for which equivalent particle penetration for particles
of 30 nm electrical mobility diameter can be demonstrated will be considered acceptable.
1.4.3. Particle
pre-classifier
The recommended particle pre-classifier shall be located upstream of the VPR. The pre-classifier
50 % cut point particle diameter shall be between 2,5 μm and 10 μm at the volumetric flow rate
selected for sampling particle number emissions. The pre-classifier shall allow at least 99 % of the
mass concentration of 1 μm particles entering the pre-classifier to pass through the exit of the pre-
classifier at the volumetric flow rate selected for sampling particle number emissions. In the case of
partial flow dilution systems, it is acceptable to use the same pre-classifier for particulate mass and
particle number sampling, extracting the particle number sample from the dilution system down
stream of the pre-classifier. Alternatively separate pre-classifiers may be used, extracting the particle
number sample from the dilution system upstream of the particulate mass pre-classifier.
1.4.4. Volatile
particle
remover
(VPR)
The VPR shall comprise one particle number diluter (PND 1 ), an evaporation tube and a second
diluter (PND 2 ) in series. This dilution function is to reduce the number concentration of the sample
entering the particle concentration measurement unit to less than the upper threshold of the single
particle count mode of the PNC and to suppress nucleation within the sample. The VPR shall
provide an indication of whether or not PND 1 and the evaporation tube are at their correct
operating temperatures.
The VPR shall achieve > 99,0 % vaporisation of 30 nm tetracontane (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 38 CH 3 ) particles,
with an inlet concentration of ≥ 10 000 cm –3 , by means of heating and reduction of partial
pressures of the tetracontane. It shall also achieve a particle concentration reduction factor (f r )
for particles of 30 nm and 50 nm electrical mobility diameters, that is no more than 30 % and
20 % respectively higher, and no more than 5 % lower than that for particles of 100 nm electrical
mobility diameter for the VPR as a whole.
1.4.4.1. First particle number dilution device (PND 1 )
The first particle number dilution device shall be specifically designed to dilute particle number
concentration and operate at a (wall) temperature of 150 °C to 400 °C. The wall temperature
setpoint should be held at a constant nominal operating temperature, within this range, to a
tolerance of ± 10 °C and not exceed the wall temperature of the ET (paragraph 1.4.4.2). The
diluter should be supplied with HEPA filtered dilution air and be capable of a dilution factor of
10 to 200 times.

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EN
8.7.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
180/67
1.4.4.2. Evaporation tube
The entire length of the ET shall be controlled to a wall temperature greater than or equal to that
of the first particle number dilution device and the wall temperature held at a fixed nominal
operating temperature between 300 °C and 400 °C, to a tolerance of ± 10 °C.
1.4.4.3. Second particle number dilution device (PND 2 )
PND 2 shall be specifically designed to dilute particle number concentration. The diluter shall be
supplied with HEPA filtered dilution air and be capable of maintaining a single dilution factor
within a range of 10 to 30 times. The dilution factor of PND 2 shall be selected in the range
between 10 and 15 such that particle number concentration downstream of the second diluter is
less than the upper threshold of the single particle count mode of the PNC and the gas temperature
prior to entry to the PNC is < 35 °C.
1.4.5. Particle
number
counter
(PNC)
The PNC shall meet the requirements of paragraph 1.3.4.
2. Calibration/Validation
of
the
Particle
Sampling
System
( 1 )
2.1. Calibration
of
the
Particle
Number
Counter
2.1.1. The
Technical
Service
shall
ensure
the
existence
of
a
calibration
certificate
for
the
PNC
demon
strating compliance with a traceable standard within a 12-month period prior to the emissions test.
2.1.2. The
PNC
shall
also
be
recalibrated
and
a
new
calibration
certificate
issued
following
any
major
maintenance.
2.1.3. Calibration
shall
be
traceable
to
a
standard
calibration
method:
(a) by comparison of the response of the PNC under calibration with that of a calibrated aerosol
electrometer when simultaneously sampling electrostatically classified calibration particles; or
(b) by comparison of the response of the PNC under calibration with that of a second PNC which
has been directly calibrated by the above method.
In the electrometer case, calibration shall be undertaken using at least six standard concentrations
spaced as uniformly as possible across the PNC’s measurement range. These points will include a
nominal zero concentration point produced by attaching HEPA filters of at least class H13 of EN
1822:2008, or equivalent performance, to the inlet of each instrument. With no calibration factor
applied to the PNC under calibration, measured concentrations shall be within ± 10 % of the
standard concentration for each concentration used, with the exception of the zero point,
otherwise the PNC under calibration shall be rejected. The gradient from a linear regression of
the two data sets shall be calculated and recorded. A calibration factor equal to the reciprocal of the
gradient shall be applied to the PNC under calibration. Linearity of response is calculated as the
square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of the two data sets and shall be
equal to or greater than 0,97. In calculating both the gradient and R 2 the linear regression shall be
forced through the origin (zero concentration on both instruments).
In the reference PNC case, calibration shall be undertaken using at least six standard concentrations
across the PNC’s measurement range. At least 3 points shall be at concentrations below
1 000 cm –3 , the remaining concentrations shall be linearly spaced between 1 000 cm –3 and the
maximum of the PNC’s range in single particle count mode. These points will include a nominal

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L 180/68
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
8.7.2011
zero concentration point produced by attaching HEPA filters of at least class H13 of EN
1822:2008, or equivalent performance, to the inlet of each instrument. With no calibration
factor applied to the PNC under calibration, measured concentrations shall be within ± 10 % of
the standard concentration for each concentration, with the exception of the zero point, otherwise
the PNC under calibration shall be rejected. The gradient from a linear regression of the two data
sets shall be calculated and recorded. A calibration factor equal to the reciprocal of the gradient
shall be applied to the PNC under calibration. Linearity of response is calculated as the square of
the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of the two data sets and shall be equal to
or greater than 0,97. In calculating both the gradient and R 2 the linear regression shall be forced
through the origin (zero concentration on both instruments).
2.1.4. Calibration shall also include a check, against the requirements in paragraph 1.3.4.8, on the PNC’s
detection efficiency with particles of 23 nm electrical mobility diameter. A check of the counting
efficiency with 41 nm particles is not required.
2.2. Calibration/Validation
of
the
volatile
particle
remover
2.2.1. Calibration of the VPR’s particle concentration reduction factors across its full range of dilution
settings, at the instrument’s fixed nominal operating temperatures, shall be required when the unit
is new and following any major maintenance. The periodic validation requirement for the VPR’s
particle concentration reduction factor is limited to a check at a single setting, typical of that used
for measurement on diesel particulate filter equipped vehicles. The Technical Service shall ensure
the existence of a calibration or validation certificate for the volatile particle remover within a 6-
month period prior to the emissions test. If the volatile particle remover incorporates temperature
monitoring alarms a 12 month validation interval shall be permissible.
The VPR shall be characterised for particle concentration reduction factor with solid particles of
30 nm, 50 nm and 100 nm electrical mobility diameter. Particle concentration reduction factors
(f r (d)) for particles of 30 nm and 50 nm electrical mobility diameters shall be no more than 30 %
and 20 % higher respectively, and no more than 5 % lower than that for particles of 100 nm
electrical mobility diameter. For the purposes of validation, the mean particle concentration
reduction factor shall be within ± 10 % of the mean particle concentration reduction factor (f r )
determined during the primary calibration of the VPR.
2.2.2. The test aerosol for these measurements shall be solid particles of 30, 50 and 100 nm electrical
mobility diameter and a minimum concentration of 5 000 particles cm –3 at the VPR inlet. Particle
concentrations shall be measured upstream and downstream of the components.
The particle concentration reduction factor at each particle size (f r (d i )) shall be calculated as follows;
N
f
in
r
d i

d i

N out d i
where:
N in (d i ) = upstream particle number concentration for particles of diameter d i ;
N out (d i ) = downstream particle number concentration for particles of diameter d i ; and
d i
= particle electrical mobility diameter (30, 50 or 100 nm).
N in (d i ) and N out (d i ) shall be corrected to the same conditions.

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EN
8.7.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
180/69
The mean particle concentration reduction (f r ) at a given dilution setting shall be calculated as
follows;
f
f
r
r
30 nm
f r 50 nm
f r 100 nm

3
It is recommended that the VPR is calibrated and validated as a complete unit.
2.2.3. The Technical Service shall ensure the existence of a validation certificate for the VPR demon
strating effective volatile particle removal efficiency within a 6 month period prior to the emissions
test. If the volatile particle remover incorporates temperature monitoring alarms a 12 month
validation interval shall be permissible. The VPR shall demonstrate greater than 99,0 % removal
of tetracontane (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 38 CH 3 ) particles of at least 30 nm electrical mobility diameter with an
inlet concentration of ≥ 10 000 cm –3 when operated at its minimum dilution setting and manu
facturers recommended operating temperature.
2.3. Particle
number
system
check
procedures
2.3.1. Prior to each test, the particle counter shall report a measured concentration of less than 0,5
particles cm –3 when a HEPA filter of at least class H13 of EN 1822:2008, or equivalent
performance, is attached to the inlet of the entire particle sampling system (VPR and PNC).
2.3.2. On a monthly basis, the flow into the particle counter shall report a measured value within 5 % of
the particle counter nominal flow rate when checked with a calibrated flow meter.
2.3.3. Each day, following the application of a HEPA filter of at least class H13 of EN 1822:2008, or
equivalent performance, to the inlet of the particle counter, the particle counter shall report a
concentration of ≤ 0,2 cm –3 . Upon removal of this filter, the particle counter shall show an
increase in measured concentration to at least 100 particles cm –3 when challenged with ambient
air and a return to ≤ 0,2 cm –3 on replacement of the HEPA filter.
2.3.4. Prior
to
the
start
of
each
test
it
shall
be
confirmed
that
the
measurement
system
indicates
that
the
evaporation tube, where featured in the system, has reached its correct operating temperature.
2.3.5. Prior
to
the
start
of
each
test
it
shall
be
confirmed
that
the
measurement
system
indicates
that
the
diluter PND 1 has reached its correct operating temperature.
___________
( 1 ) Example calibration/validation methods are available at: http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/
wp29wgs/wp29grpe/pmpFCP.html’

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