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2.3.2013 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
59/5
RECOMMENDATIONS
COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION
of 20 February 2013
Investing in children: breaking the cycle of disadvantage
(2013/112/EU)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
services, as well as opportunities to participate and use
their rights, which help children live up to their full
potential and contribute to their resilience;
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European
Union, and in particular Article 292 thereof,
(6) The
most
successful
strategies
in
addressing
child
poverty
have proved to be those underpinned by policies
Whereas:
improving the well-being of all children, whilst giving

careful consideration to children in particularly
vulnerable situations;
(1) Respect
for
human
dignity
is
a
founding
value
of
the
European Union, whose aims include promoting the
(7) The
promotion
of
gender
equality,
gender
mainstreaming
well-being of its people; the Union must protect the
and equal opportunities, as well as the fight against
rights of the child, combat social exclusion and discrimi
discrimination faced by children and their families on
nation, promote social justice and protection;
all grounds (particularly those related to sex, racial or
ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual
orientation) should underpin any efforts to address child
(2) Children
( 1 ) are more at risk of poverty or social
poverty and social exclusion;
exclusion than the overall population in a large
majority of EU countries; children growing up in
poverty or social exclusion are less likely than their
(8) The
current
financial
and
economic
crisis
is
having
a
better-off peers to do well in school, enjoy good health
serious impact on children and families, with a rise in
and realise their full potential later in life;
the proportion of those living in poverty and social
exclusion in a number of countries;
(3) Preventing
the
transmission
of
disadvantage
across
gener
ations is a crucial investment in Europe’s future, as well
(9) Budget
consolidation
efforts
due
to
growing
fiscal
as a direct contribution to the Europe 2020 Strategy for
constraints in a number of countries present significant
smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, with long-term
challenges to ensure that social policies remain adequate
benefits for children, the economy and society as a
and effective in the short as well as the long run;
whole;
(10) More
than
a
decade
of
cooperation
at
EU
level
has
led
to
(4) Early
intervention
and
prevention
are
essential
for
a common understanding of the determinants of child
developing more effective and efficient policies, as
poverty through substantial work on developing appro
public expenditure addressing the consequences of child
priate monitoring indicators, identifying common chal
poverty and social exclusion tends to be greater than that
lenges and successful policy approaches, which has
needed for intervening at an early age;
given political momentum to the issue; subsequently,
the Commission has announced the adoption of a
Recommendation on Child Poverty in the Communi
(5) Tackling
disadvantage
in
early
years
is
an
important
cation on ‘the European Platform against Poverty and
means of stepping up efforts to address poverty and
Social Exclusion’ ( 2 );
social exclusion in general. Prevention is most effectively
achieved through integrated strategies that combine
support to parents to access the labour market with
(11) The
Europe
2020
Strategy
has
given
new
impetus
to
adequate income support and access to services that
efforts to address poverty and social exclusion in the
are essential to children’s outcomes, such as quality
EU, by setting a common European target to reduce
(pre-school) education, health, housing and social
the number of people at risk of poverty and social
exclusion by at least 20 million by 2020, as well as
( 1 ) In line with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, children
are understood in this context as persons under the age of 18.
( 2 ) COM(2010) 758 final.

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L 59/6
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
2.3.2013
stepping up efforts to address early school leaving.
further cooperation and a focus for using relevant
Tackling and preventing child poverty are an essential
financial instruments, particularly the Structural Funds,
part of the EU and Member States’ efforts in this
to deliver on the proposed objective of ‘Promoting
respect, and form part of the European Platform
social inclusion and combating poverty’.
against Poverty and Social Exclusion;
RECOMMENDS THAT MEMBER STATES: Organise and implement
(12) The
current
governance
under
the
European
Semester
policies to address child poverty and social exclusion,
serves to ensure implementation of the relevant
promoting children’s well-being, through multi-dimensional
Country-Specific Recommendations to combat child
strategies, in accordance with the following guidelines:
poverty and improve children’s well-being;
(13) All
EU
Member
States
have
ratified
the
United
Nations
1. BE
GUIDED
BY
THE
FOLLOWING
HORIZONTAL
PRIN
Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). The
CIPLES
standards and principles of the UNCRC must continue
— Tackle child poverty and social exclusion through inte
to guide EU policies and actions that have an impact on
grated strategies that go beyond ensuring children’s
the rights of the child;
material security and promote equal opportunities so
that all children can realise their full potential;
(14) By
way
of
the
June
2012
Social
Protection
Committee
advisory report ( 1 ) and key messages, as well as the
October 2012 EPSCO Council Conclusions ‘Preventing
— Address child poverty and social exclusion from a
and tackling child poverty and social exclusion and
children’s rights approach, in particular by referring
promoting children’s well-being’ ( 2 ), Member States reaf
to the relevant provisions of the Treaty on the
firmed their commitment and welcomed the Commis
European Union, the Charter of Fundamental Rights
sion’s initiative to adopt a Recommendation on the issue;
of the European Union and the UN Convention on
the Rights of the Child, making sure that these rights
are respected, protected and fulfilled;
(15) Various
EU
policies
have
addressed
issues
linked
to
child
poverty and the inter-generational transmission of
disadvantage, in particular in the fields of education
— Always take the child’s best interests as a primary
and training, health, children’s rights and gender equal
consideration and recognise children as independent
ity ( 3 );
rights-holders, whilst fully acknowledging the
importance of supporting families as primary carers;
(16) While
policies
addressing
child
poverty
are
primarily
the
competence of Member States, a common European
framework can strengthen synergies across relevant
— Maintain an appropriate balance between universal
policy areas, help Member States review their policies
policies, aimed at promoting the well-being of all
and learn from each other’s experiences in improving
children, and targeted approaches, aimed at supporting
policy efficiency and effectiveness through innovative
the most disadvantaged;
approaches, whilst taking into account the different situ
ations and needs at local, regional and national level;
— Ensure a focus on children who face an increased risk
due to multiple disadvantage such as Roma children,
(17) In the context of the upcoming Multiannual Financial
some migrant or ethnic minority children, children
Framework, such guidance can also provide a basis for
with special needs or disabilities, children in alternative
care and street children, children of imprisoned
( 1 ) Social Protection Committee, SPC advisory report to the European
parents, as well as children within households at
Commission on tackling and preventing child poverty, promoting
particular risk of poverty, such as single parent or
child well-being, 27 June 2012.
large families;
( 2 ) Preventing and tackling child poverty and social exclusion and
promoting children’s well-being, EPSCO Council Conclusions,
4 October 2012, 14437/12.
( 3 ) See in particular: ‘An updated strategic framework for European
cooperation in education and training’, COM(2008) 865 final, ‘Soli
— Sustain investment in children and families, allowing
darity in Health: reducing health inequalities in the EU’, COM(2009)
for policy continuity and long-term planning; assess
567 final, ‘An EU Agenda for the Rights of the Child’, COM(2011)
60 final, ‘Strategy for equality between women and men 2010-
how policy reforms affect the most disadvantaged
2015’, COM(2010) 491 final.
and take steps to mitigate any adverse effects.

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EN
2.3.2013 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
59/7
2. DEVELOP
INTEGRATED
STRATEGIES,
BASED
ON
THREE
children to enjoy adequate living standards that are
KEY PILLARS
compatible with a life in dignity, through an optimal
combination of cash and in-kind benefits:
2.1. Access to adequate resources
Support parents’ participation in the labour market —
Acknowledge the strong link between parents’ partici
— Support family incomes through adequate, coherent
pation in the labour market and children’s living
and efficient benefits, including fiscal incentives,
conditions, and in accordance with the principles
family and child benefits, housing benefits and
outlined in the Commission Recommendation on Active
minimum income schemes;
Inclusion ( 1 ) and the Barcelona targets ( 2 ), take all possible
measures to support parents’ participation in the labour
market, in particular for those at a distance from the
labour market and in households at particular risk:
— Complement cash income support schemes with in-
kind benefits related in particular to nutrition,
childcare, education, health, housing, transport and
— Make sure that work ‘pays’ by identifying and tackling
access to sports or socio-cultural activities;
the specific disincentives parents face when entering,
remaining or progressing in the labour market,
including those related to the design and interaction
— Ensure that the design of and eligibility to financial
of tax and benefits systems;
support for children reflects the development of
living arrangements and provides adequate redis
tribution across income groups;
— Support the employability and participation of single
parents and second earners in paid work, promoting
gender equality in the labour market and in family
— Create more effective access to the benefits to which
responsibilities;
children or their families are entitled by facilitating easy
take up and developing beneficiary outreach services;
— Provide enhanced support to parents’ reintegration into
the labour market following parental leave through
training measures and job search support, focusing
— Deliver means-tested or other targeted benefits in a
specifically on those at particular risk;
way that avoids stigmatisation, differentiates between
children’s needs and reduces the risk of poverty traps
whilst avoiding the creation of disincentives to work
for second earners and single parents;
— Intensify efforts to ensure that all families, including
those in vulnerable situations and living in
disadvantaged areas, have effective access to affordable,
quality early childhood education and care;
— Use discretion when making family benefits conditional
on parenting behaviour or children’s school attendance
and assess the potential negative impact of such
measures;
— Adapt the design and eligibility criteria of childcare
services to increasingly diverse working patterns,
thereby helping parents maintain their work
commitments or find a job, whilst keeping a strong
— Set up regular and responsive delivery mechanisms that
focus on the child’s best interests;
provide maximum coverage and benefit children most,
such as advance payments.
— Promote quality, inclusive employment and a working
environment that enables parents to balance their work
2.2. Access to affordable quality services
and parenting roles on an equal footing, including
through parental leave, workplace support and
Reduce inequality at a young age by investing in early
flexible working arrangements.
childhood education and care — Further develop the
social inclusion and development potential of early
childhood education and care (ECEC), using it as a social
investment to address inequality and challenges faced by
Provide for adequate living standards through a
disadvantaged children through early intervention:
combination of benefits — Make it possible for
( 1 ) Commission Recommendation on the active inclusion of people
— Provide access to high-quality, inclusive early childhood
excluded from the labour market 2008/867/EC of 3 October 2008.
( 2 ) Presidency conclusions, Barcelona European Council, 15-16 March
education and care; ensure its affordability and adapt
2002, SN 100/1/02 REV 1.
provision to the needs of families;

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L 59/8
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Official Journal of the European Union
2.3.2013
— Incentivise the participation of children from a
— Develop and implement comprehensive policies to
disadvantaged background (especially those below the
reduce early school leaving which encompass
age of three years), regardless of their parents’ labour
prevention, intervention and compensation measures;
market situation, whilst avoiding stigmatisation and
ensure that these policies include measures for those
segregation;
at risk of early school leaving;
— Support parents in their role as the main educators of
— Strengthen equality legislation and guarantee the most
their own children during the early years and
marginalised learners the basic right to receive a quality
encourage ECEC services to work closely with parents
minimum qualification;
and community actors involved in the child’s
upbringing (such as health and parenting support
services);
— Revise and strengthen the professional profile of all
teaching professions and prepare teachers for social
diversity; deploy special cultural mediators and role
— Raise parents’ awareness of the benefits of participation
models to facilitate the integration of Roma and
in ECEC programmes for their children and themselves;
children with an immigrant background.
Use ECEC as an early-warning system to identify family
or school-related physical or psychological problems,
special needs or abuse.
Improve the responsiveness of health systems to
address the needs of disadvantaged children —
Ensure that all children can make full use of their
Improve education systems’ impact on equal oppor
universal right to health care, including through disease
tunities — Increase the capacity of education systems to
prevention and health promotion as well as access to
break the cycle of disadvantage, ensuring that all children
quality health services:
can benefit from inclusive high quality education that
promotes their emotional, social, cognitive and physical
development:
— Address the obstacles to accessing healthcare faced by
children and families in vulnerable situations, including
costs, cultural and linguistic barriers, lack of
— Provide for the inclusion of all learners, where
information; improve the training of health care
necessary by targeting resources and opportunities
providers in this respect;
towards the more disadvantaged, and adequately
monitor results;
— Invest in prevention particularly during early childhood
years, by putting in place comprehensive policies that
— Recognise and address spatial disparities in the avail
combine nutrition, health, education and social
ability and quality of educational provision and in
measures;
educational outcomes; foster desegregation policies
that strengthen comprehensive schooling;
— Tackle the social gradient in unhealthy lifestyles and
substance abuse by giving all children access to
— Create an inclusive learning environment by
balanced diets and physical activity;
strengthening the link between schools and parents,
and provide if necessary personalised support to
compensate for specific disadvantages, through for
— Devote special attention to children with disabilities or
instance training for parents of migrant and ethnic
mental health problems, undocumented or non-
minority children;
registered children, pregnant teenagers and children
from families with a history of substance abuse.
— Address barriers which stop or seriously hinder
children from attending or completing school (such
Provide children with a safe, adequate housing and
as additional financial fees in compulsory education)
living environment — Allow children to live and grow
by providing targeted educational aid in a supportive
up in a safe, healthy and child-friendly environment that
learning environment;
supports their development and learning needs:
— Improve the performance of students with low basic
— Make it possible for families with children to live in
skills by reinforcing the learning of literacy, numeracy
affordable, quality housing (including social housing),
and basic maths and science, and ensuring early
address situations of exposure to environmental
detection of low achievers;
hazards, overcrowding and energy poverty;

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EN
2.3.2013 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
59/9
— Support families and children at risk of homelessness
particular by providing opportunities to participate in
by avoiding evictions, unnecessary moves, separation
informal learning activities that take place outside the
from families as well as providing temporary shelter
home and after regular school hours:
and long-term housing solutions;
— Address barriers such as cost, access and cultural
— Pay attention to children’s best interests in local
differences to ensure that all children can participate
planning; avoid ‘ghettoisation’ and segregation by
in play, recreation, sport and cultural activities outside
promoting a social mix in housing as well as
school;
adequate access to public transport;
— Provide safe spaces in children’s environment and
— Reduce children’s harmful exposure to a deteriorating
support disadvantaged communities by means of
living and social environment to prevent them from
specific incentives;
falling victim to violence and abuse.
— Encourage schools, community actors and local auth
Enhance family support and the quality of alternative
orities to create better after-school activities and
care settings — Strengthen child protection and social
facilities for all children, regardless of their parents’
services in the field of prevention; help families develop
work situation and background;
parenting skills in a non-stigmatising way, whilst ensuring
that children removed from parental care grow up in an
environment that meets their needs:
— Enable all families to participate in social activities that
boost their parental skills and foster positive family
communication;
— Ensure that poverty is never the only justification for
removing a child from parental care; aim at enabling
children to remain in or return to the care of their
— Promote approaches to participation that build on the
parents by, for example, tackling the family’s material
potential for community volunteering and foster soli
deprivation;
darity between generations.
— Ensure adequate gate-keeping to prevent children being
Put in place mechanisms that promote children’s
placed in institutions and provide for regular reviews in
participation in decision-making that affects their
the event of such placements;
lives — Enable and encourage children to express
informed views, ensuring that those views are given due
weight and are reflected in the main decisions affecting
— Stop the expansion of institutional care settings for
them:
children without parental care; promote quality,
community-based care and foster care within family
settings instead, where children’s voice is given due
— Use and further develop existing tools to involve
consideration;
children in the running of services such as care,
healthcare and education, as well as to consult them
on relevant policy planning through mechanisms
— Ensure that children without parental care have access
adapted to their age;
to quality services (both mainstream and specific
services) related to their health, education, employment,
social assistance, security and housing situation,
— Support the involvement of all children in existing
including during their transition to adulthood;
participation structures; reach out to and support the
participation of children from disadvantaged back
grounds;
— Provide appropriate support to children left behind
when one or both parents migrate to another
country to work, as well as to their replacement carers.
— Encourage professionals working with and for children
to actively involve them, raising awareness of related
rights and obligations;
2.3. Children’s right to participate
Support the participation of all children in play,
— Implement the child’s right to be heard in all justice-
recreation, sport and cultural activities — Acknowledge
related decisions and promote child-friendly justice, in
the influence children have over their own well-being and
particular by giving children effective access to court
their resilience in overcoming adverse situations, in
and judicial proceedings.

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L 59/10
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Official Journal of the European Union
2.3.2013
3. FURTHER
DEVELOP
NECESSARY
GOVERNANCE,
IMPLE
— Promote the exchange of good practice and knowledge,
MENTATION AND MONITORING ARRANGEMENTS
the roll-out of tried and tested intervention models,
measures to foster solidarity in the wider community
Strengthen synergies across sectors and improve
and empower local communities to work together;
governance arrangements — Ensure that policies effec
tively address child poverty and social exclusion through
comprehensive design and enhance coordination between
key actors:
— Evaluate the impact of temporary policies introduced in
response to the economic crisis before deciding to
make these policies part of structural reforms.
— Develop regular and systematic links between policy
areas of high relevance to the social inclusion of
4. MAKE
FULL
USE
OF
RELEVANT
EU
INSTRUMENTS
children and strengthen synergies between key
players, particularly in the fields of education,
Address child poverty and social exclusion as a key
employment, health, equality and children’s rights;
issue within the Europe 2020 Strategy — Mobilise the
range of tools and indicators available within the Europe
2020 Strategy to give new impetus to joint efforts to
— Work towards mainstreaming children’s policies and
address child poverty and social exclusion:
rights into key policies through, for example, specific
institutional arrangements;
— Firmly place child poverty and social exclusion as key
issues in the Europe 2020 Strategy and National
Reform Programmes, as part of the overall effort to
— Promote close cooperation and regular dialogue
reduce poverty and social exclusion, taking into
between public authorities at all levels, social
account relevant Country Specific Recommendations
partners, local communities and civil society organi
adopted by the European Council;
sations;
— Consider, where appropriate, the added value of setting
— Support and further develop the involvement of
national targets for reducing child poverty and social
children, including in the implementation of the
exclusion, taking national specificities into account;
present Recommendation.
— Fully exploit the tools provided by the Europe 2020
Strengthen the use of evidence-based approaches —
Strategy and the Social Open Method of Coordination
Strengthen evidence-based policy development and social
to improve the monitoring and evaluation of policies
policy innovation, making sure to take due account of the
addressing child poverty and well-being, making full
potential impact of policies on children:
use of the proposed indicator-based monitoring
framework annexed to the present Recommendation;
— Make full use of existing statistics and administrative
— Strengthen synergies with relevant EU policies, in
data to monitor the impact of policies on children and
particular in the fields of education, health, gender
their families; reinforce statistical capacity (including by
equality and children’s rights.
disaggregating by gender) where needed and feasible,
particularly concerning child deprivation, access to
quality and affordable childcare, children’s health and
the situation of the most vulnerable children;
Mobilise relevant EU financial instruments — Make
appropriate use of the opportunities provided by EU
financial instruments to support the policy priorities
outlined above:
— Improve the timeliness of data availability to monitor
the situation of children, and promote the use of
methods and models such as micro-simulation to
— Support the development of more evidence-based
support a more systematic ex ante assessment of the
policies and social innovation through the
potential impact of policies on children;
Programme for Social Change and Innovation, the
European Social Fund and Horizon 2020, and use
these programmes to test, evaluate and scale up
— Strengthen links between the policy and research
possible policy innovations;
community and test relevant policy innovations;
encourage evidence-based evaluation of programme
outcomes, including in the long term through tools
— Make full use of the Fund for European Aid to the
such as longitudinal surveys; promote visibility and
Most Deprived (addressing children's food and
sharing of results;
material deprivation), the European School ‘Fruit and

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EN
2.3.2013 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
59/11
Milk’ Schemes (providing products with positive nutri
— To ensure that 2014-2020 Structural Funds inter
tional value and encouraging good eating habits) and
ventions are effective, pursue evidence-based strategies
the ‘Erasmus for All’ Programme (promoting children's
to reduce early school leaving, involving relevant stake
access to education, informal learning and sport);
holders and measures to support the transition from
institutional to community-based care;
— Exploit opportunities provided by the Structural Funds
to support children and families when drawing up the
European Social Fund and the European Regional
— Promote partnership in the programming of and access
Development Fund Operational Programmes 2014-
to Structural Funds by involving relevant stakeholders
2020, in line with Country Specific Recommendations;
at national, regional and local levels, in particular the
relevant public authorities, social partners and non-
governmental organisations, in order to mobilise
— Make appropriate use of thematic objectives related to
action to combat child poverty.
promoting employment and supporting labour
mobility, promoting social inclusion and combating
poverty, investing in education, skills and lifelong
learning as well as the relevant investment priorities
within them. These include in particular early
Done at Brussels, 20 February 2013.
childhood education; reducing early school leaving;
reconciliation between work and private life; access
to services, including health care and social services;
For the Commission
community-led local development strategies; support
to the regeneration of deprived areas and transition
László ANDOR
from institutional to community-based services;
Member of the Commission

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L 59/12
ANNEX
Indicator-based monitoring framework
The proposed monitoring framework highlights indicators that are relevant for monitoring the Recommendation’s implementation. Proposals for further development are highlighted in the annexes to the Social
Investment Package.
EN
Overall objective of combating child poverty and social exclusion and promoting child well-being

Europe 2020 Definition Breakdowns Source
primary/ secondary/
context (1 )
Comments
At risk of poverty or social exclusion for The sum of children who live in a household which is at risk By age (0-17, 0-5, Eurostat — EU-
primary Comparison
with
the
working-age
children (breakdown of the Europe 2020 of poverty and/or severely materially deprived and/or a 6-11, 12-17)
SILC
population (18-64) and the elderly
poverty and social exclusion headline household with very low work intensity (for the definition
population (65+) is recommended
target)
of these 3 indicators, see below)
Off
icial
Indicator Definition Breakdowns Source
primary/ secondary/
context
Comments
Jour
nal
At-risk-of-poverty rate for children (to be Share of children living in a household with an equivalised By age (0-17, 0-5, Eurostat — EU-
primary Comparison
with
the
working-age
analysed together with the value of the disposable income below 60 % of the national median equi 6-11, 12-17) and
SILC
population (18-64) and the elderly
of
poverty threshold in PPS for a household valised disposable income
household type
population (65+) is recommended
the
consisting of 2 adults and 2 children aged
European
below 14)
Union
Severe material deprivation rate Proportion
of
children
who
live
in
a
household
whose
living
By age (0-17, 0-5, Eurostat — EU-
primary Comparison
with
the
working-age
conditions are severely constrained by a lack of resources, 6-11, 12-17)
SILC
population (18-64) and the elderly
i.e. it experience at least 4 out of 9 of the following depri
population (65+) is recommended
vation items: cannot afford (i) to pay rent or utility bills,
(ii) to keep the home adequately warm, (iii) to pay
unexpected expenses, (iv) to eat meat, fish or a protein
equivalent every second day, (v) a week’s holiday away
from home, (vi) a car, (vii) a washing machine, (viii) a
colour TV, or (ix) a telephone.
Share of children living in very low work Share of children living in a household where working-age By age (0-17, 0-5, Eurostat — EU-
primary Comparison
with
the
working-age
intensity households
adults (18-59) have worked less than 20 % of their total 6-11, 12-17)
SILC
population (18-64) and the elderly
work potential during the past year (i.e. during the income
population (65+) is recommended
reference period)
2.3.2013
Child deprivation indicator Under
discussion Eurostat
-EU-SILC n.a. Under
development

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2.3.2013 Off
Indicator Definition Breakdowns Source
primary/ secondary/
context
Comments
Dispersion of child poverty risk around Share of children living in a household with an equivalised By age (0-17, 0-5, Eurostat — EU-
secondary Comparison
with
the
working-age
the poverty risk threshold: At-risk-of- disposable income below 50 % and below 70 % of the 6-11, 12-17)
SILC
population (18-64) and the elderly
poverty rate calculated with 50 % and national equivalised median income
population (65+) is recommended
70 % thresholds
EN

Persistent at-risk-of- poverty rate for Share of children living in a household with an equivalised 0-17 Eurostat
—
EU-
secondary Comparison
with
the
working-age
children
disposable income below the poverty threshold in the
SILC
population (18-64) and the elderly
current year and in at least two of the preceding 3 years
(longitudinal)
population (65+) is recommended
At-risk-of-poverty rate anchored at a fixed Share of children living in households with an equivalised 0-17 Eurostat
—
EU-
context Comparison
with
the
working-age
moment in time for children
disposable income below 60 % of the national median equi
SILC
population (18-64) and the elderly
valised disposable income, where the threshold is anchored
population (65+) is recommended
at a fixed moment in time
icial
Jour
Access to adequate resources
nal
of
Indicator Definition Breakdowns Source
primary/ secondary/
the
context
Comments
European
In-work poverty rate of people living in Share of individuals (with dependent children) who are By age (0-17,
Eurostat — EU-
primary
households with dependent children
defined as in work and have an income below the poverty 18-64, 0-64); by
SILC
threshold (60
% of the national median equivalised household type
Union
disposable income)
(single parents,
two adults with
dependent
children)
At-risk-of-poverty rate for children by Share of children living in households with an equivalised 0-17, work
Eurostat — EU-
primary
work intensity of the household
disposable income below 60 % of the national median equi intensity of the
SILC
valised disposable income according to the work intensity of household (very
the household
high [0,85 – 1],
high [0,55 –
0,85], medium
[0,45 – 0,55],
low [0,2 – 0,45])
At-risk-of-poverty rate for children in Share of children living in households with an income below By household
Eurostat — EU-
primary
households at work
the poverty threshold (60 % of the national median equi type
SILC
L
valised disposable income) and with a work intensity above
59/13
0,2

---

L 59/14
Indicator Definition Breakdowns Source
primary/ secondary/
context
Comments
Relative median poverty gap for children Difference between the median equivalised income of 0-17 Eurostat
—
EU-
primary Comparison
with
the
working-age
persons below the at-risk-of poverty threshold and the at-
SILC
population (18-64) and the elderly
risk-of poverty threshold, expressed as a percentage of the
population (65+) is recommended
at-risk-of poverty threshold
EN

Child care Children
cared
for
(by
formal
arrangements
(2 ) other than Less than 3 years, Eurostat — EU-
secondary Relevance
of
breakdown
by
the family) as a proportion of all children in the same age between 3 years
SILC
income quintile to be assessed
group
and mandatory
school age; less
than 30h, 30h or
more a week
Employment impact of parenthood Difference
in
percentage
points
(pp)
between
Total, by gender Eurostat
—
LFS context Looking
at
children
aged
0-3
and
3-6 separately is recommended
Off
— employment rate of people aged 20-49 living in
households in which there are no children aged 0-6 and
icial
— employment rate of people aged 20-49 living in
Jour
households in which there is at least one child aged
nal
0-6
of
the
Part-time employment due to care respon Persons employed part-time because of looking after Total, by gender Eurostat
—
LFS context
sibilities
children or incapacitated adults, as a percentage of total
European
employed persons
Impact of social transfers (other than Difference between the children at-risk-of poverty rate
Eurostat — EU-
secondary Comparison
with
the
working-age Union
pensions) in reducing child poverty
before and after social transfers (excluding pensions)
SILC
population (18-64) and the elderly
population (65+) is recommended
Housing cost overburden Percentage
of
the
population
living
in
a
household
where
By age (0-17, 0-5, Eurostat — EU-
secondary Comparison
with
the
wo