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23.12.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
343/91
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION
of 19 December 2011
establishing harmonised efficiency reference values for separate production of electricity and heat
in application of Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing
Commission Decision 2007/74/EC
(notified under document C(2011) 9523)
(2011/877/EU)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
observed developments in the best available and econ
omically justifiable technology. Furthermore, on the basis
of recent experience and analysis, the review confirmed
that correction factors relating to the climatic situation
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European
should continue to be applied. In addition, the correction
Union,
factors for avoided grid losses should also continue to be
applied as grid losses have not changed in recent years.
Additionally, the correction factors for avoided grid
Having regard to Directive 2004/8/EC of the European
losses should also apply to plants that use wood fuels
Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 on the
and biogas.
promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in
the internal energy market and amending Directive
92/42/EEC ( 1 ), and in particular Article 4(2) thereof,
(4)
The review has not produced evidence to indicate that
the energy efficiency of boilers has changed in the period
considered, and therefore the harmonised efficiency
Whereas:
reference values for the separate production of heat
should not relate to the year of construction. No
correction factors relating to the climatic situation were
required because the thermodynamics of generating heat
(1) Pursuant
to
Directive
2004/8/EC
the
Commission
estab
from fuel do not depend significantly on the ambient
lished in Decision 2007/74/EC ( 2 ) harmonised efficiency
temperature. In addition correction factors for heat grid
reference values for separate production of electricity and
losses are not required as heat is always used near the site
heat, consisting of a matrix of values differentiated by
of production.
relevant factors, including year of construction and
types of fuel.
(5) Stable
conditions
for
investment
in
cogeneration
and
continued investor confidence are needed. From this
(2)
The Commission is to review the harmonised efficiency
perspective, it is also appropriate to extend the current
reference values for separate production of electricity and
harmonised reference values for electricity and heat to
heat for the first time on 21 February 2011 and every
the period 2012-2015.
four years thereafter, to take account of technological
developments and changes in the distribution of energy
sources.
(6)
Data from operational use under realistic conditions do
not demonstrate a statistically significant improvement of
the actual performance of state-of-the-art plants in the
(3) The
Commission
has
reviewed
the
harmonised
efficiency
period under review. Therefore the reference values estab
reference values for separate production of electricity and
lished for the period 2006-2011 in Decision 2007/74/EC
heat, taking into account data from operational use
should be maintained for the period 2012-2015.
under realistic conditions, provided by the Member
States. Developments in the best available and econ
omically justifiable technology which took place during
(7) The review confirmed the validity of the existing
the period 2006-2011 which was covered by the review,
correction factors relating to the climatic situation and
indicate that for the harmonised efficiency reference
to avoided grid losses.
values for separate production of electricity, the
distinction drawn in Decision 2007/74/EC relating to
the year of construction of a cogeneration unit should
not be maintained for plants that were constructed from
(8)
The use of a single set of reference values for the entire
1 January 2006 onwards. However for cogeneration
period and the waiving of correction factors for climatic
units built in 2005 or before the reference values
differences and grid losses were also confirmed for heat
should continue to be applied reflecting the year of
generation.
construction, in order to take into account the
( 1 ) OJ L 52, 21.2.2004, p. 50.
(9) Taking
into
consideration
that
the
main
aim
of
Directive
( 2 ) OJ L 32, 6.2.2007, p. 183.
2004/8/EC is to promote cogeneration in order to save

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L 343/92
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
23.12.2011
energy, an incentive for retrofitting older cogeneration
reference values set out in Annex I to the average climatic
units should be given in order to improve their energy
situation in each Member State.
efficiency. For these reasons the efficiency reference
values for electricity applicable to a cogeneration unit
should become higher from the 11th year after the
If on the territory of a Member State official meteorological data
year of its construction.
show differences in the annual ambient temperature of 5 °C or
more, that Member State may, subject to notification to the
Commission, use several climate zones for the purpose of the
(10) This approach is consistent with the requirement for the
harmonised efficiency reference values to be based on the
first subparagraph using the method set out in Annex III,
principles mentioned in Annex III, point (f) of Directive
point (b).
2004/8/EC.
2. Member
States
shall
apply
the
correction
factors
set
out
in
(11) Revised harmonised efficiency reference values for
Annex IV in order to adapt the harmonised efficiency reference
separate production of electricity and heat should be
values set out in Annex I to avoided grid losses.
established. Decision 2007/74/EC should, therefore, be
repealed.
3. Where
Member
States
apply
both
the
correction
factors
(12) The
measures provided for in this Decision are in
set out in Annex III, point (a) and those set out in Annex IV,
accordance with the opinion of the Cogeneration
they shall apply Annex III, point (a) before applying Annex IV.
Committee,
Article 4
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Retrofitting of a cogeneration unit
Article 1
If an existing cogeneration unit is retrofitted and the investment
cost for the retrofitting exceeds 50 % of the investment cost for
Establishment of the harmonised efficiency reference
a new comparable cogeneration unit, the calendar year of first
values
electricity production of the retrofitted cogeneration unit shall
The harmonised efficiency reference values for separate
be considered as its year of construction for the purpose of
production of electricity and heat shall be as set out in
Article 2.
Annex I and Annex II respectively.
Article 5
Article 2
Fuel mix
Application of the harmonised efficiency reference values
If the cogeneration unit is operated with more than one fuel the
1. Member
States
shall
apply
the
harmonised
efficiency harmonised efficiency reference values for separate production
reference values set out in Annex I relating to the year of
shall be applied proportionally to the weighted mean of the
construction of a cogeneration unit. These harmonised effi
energy input of the various fuels.
ciency reference values shall apply for 10 years from the year
of construction of a cogeneration unit.
Article 6
2. From the 11th year following the year of construction of
Repeal
a cogeneration unit, Member States shall apply the harmonised
efficiency reference values which by virtue of paragraph 1 apply
Decision 2007/74/EC shall be repealed.
to a cogeneration unit of 10 years of age. These harmonised
efficiency reference values shall apply for one year.
Article 7
3. For the purpose of this Article the year of construction of
This Decision is addressed to the Member States.
a cogeneration unit shall mean the calendar year of the first
electricity production.
Done at Brussels, 19 December 2011.
Article 3
Correction factors for the harmonised efficiency reference
values for separate production of electricity
For the Commission
1. Member
States
shall
apply
the
correction
factors
set
out
in
Günther OETTINGER
Annex III, point (a) in order to adapt the harmonised efficiency
Member of the Commission

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EN
23.12.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
343/93
ANNEX I
Harmonised efficiency reference values for separate production of electricity (referred to in Article 1)
In the table below the harmonised efficiency reference values for separate production of electricity are based on net
calorific value and standard ISO conditions (15 °C ambient temperature, 1,013 bar, 60 % relative humidity).
Year of construction:
2001 and
2012-
Type of fuel
before
2002 2003 2004 2005
2006-
2011
2015
Hard coal/coke 42,7 43,1 43,5 43,8 44,0 44,2 44,2
Lignite/lignite briquettes 40,3 40,7 41,1 41,4 41,6 41,8 41,8
Peat/peat briquettes 38,1 38,4 38,6 38,8 38,9 39,0 39,0

Wood fuels 30,4 31,1 31,7 32,2 32,6 33,0 33,0
Solids
Agricultural biomass 23,1 23,5 24,0 24,4 24,7 25,0 25,0
Biodegradable (municipal) waste 23,1 23,5 24,0 24,4 24,7 25,0 25,0
Non-renewable (municipal and industrial) waste 23,1 23,5 24,0 24,4 24,7 25,0 25,0
Oil shale 38,9 38,9 38,9 38,9 38,9 39,0 39,0
Oil (gas oil + residual fuel oil), LPG 42,7 43,1 43,5 43,8 44,0 44,2 44,2

Biofuels 42,7 43,1 43,5 43,8 44,0 44,2 44,2
Liquids
Biodegradable waste 23,1 23,5 24,0 24,4 24,7 25,0 25,0
Non-renewable waste 23,1 23,5 24,0 24,4 24,7 25,0 25,0
Natural gas 51,7 51,9 52,1 52,3 52,4 52,5 52,5

Refinery gas/hydrogen 42,7 43,1 43,5 43,8 44,0 44,2 44,2
Biogas 40,1 40,6 41,0 41,4 41,7 42,0 42,0
Gaseous
Coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, other waste gases, recovered
waste heat 35 35 35 35 35 35 35

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L 343/94
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
23.12.2011
ANNEX II
Harmonised efficiency reference values for separate production of heat (referred to in Article 1)
In the table below the harmonised efficiency reference values for separate production of heat are based on net calorific
value and standard ISO conditions (15 °C ambient temperature, 1,013 bar, 60 % relative humidity).
Type of fuel Steam/hot
water Direct
use
of
exhaust
gases
(*)
Hard coal/coke 88 80
Lignite/lignite briquettes 86 78
Peat/peat briquettes 86 78

Wood fuels 86 78
Solids
Agricultural biomass 80 72
Biodegradable (municipal) waste 80 72
Non-renewable (municipal and industrial)
80 72
waste
Oil shale 86 78
Oil (gas oil + residual fuel oil), LPG 89 81

Bio-fuels 89 81
Liquids
Biodegradable waste 80 72
Non-renewable waste 80 72
Natural gas 90 82

Refinery gas/hydrogen 89 81
Biogas 70 62
Gaseous
Coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, other waste
80 72
gases, recovered waste heat
(*) Values for direct heat should be used if the temperature is 250 °C or higher.

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EN
23.12.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
343/95
ANNEX III
Correction factors relating to the average climatic situation and method for establishing climate zones for the
application of the harmonised efficiency reference values for separate production of electricity (referred to in
Article 3(1))
(a) Correction factors relating to the average climatic situation
Ambient temperature correction is based on the difference between the annual average temperature in a Member State
and standard ISO conditions (15 °C).
The correction will be as follows:
(i) 0,1 %-point efficiency loss for every degree above 15 °C
(ii) 0,1 %-point efficiency gain for every degree under 15 °C
Example:
When the average annual temperature in a Member State is 10 °C, the reference value of a cogeneration unit in that
Member State has to be increased with 0,5 %-points.
(b) Method for establishing climate zones
The borders of each climate zone will be constituted by isotherms (in full degrees Celsius) of the annual average
ambient temperature which differ at least 4 °C. The temperature difference between the average annual ambient
temperatures applied in adjacent climate zones will be at least 4 °C.
Example:
In a Member State the average annual ambient temperature in place A is 12 °C and in place B it is 6 °C. The difference
is more than 5 °C. The Member State has now the option to introduce two climate zones separated by the isotherm of
9 °C, thus constituting one climate zone between the isotherms of 9 °C and 13 °C with an average annual ambient
temperature of 11 °C and another climate zone between the isotherms of 5 °C and 9 °C with an average annual
ambient temperature of 7 °C.

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L 343/96
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
23.12.2011
ANNEX IV
Correction factors for avoided grid losses for the application of the harmonised efficiency reference values for
separate production of electricity (referred to in Article 3(2))
Voltage For
electricity
exported
to
the
grid For
electricity
consumed
on-site
> 200 kV
1 0,985
100-200 kV 0,985 0,965
50-100 kV 0,965 0,945
0,4-50 kV 0,945 0,925
< 0,4 kV 0,925 0,860
Example:
A 100 kW el cogeneration unit with a reciprocating engine driven with natural gas generates electricity of 380 V. Of this
electricity 85 % is used for own consumption and 15 % is fed into the grid. The plant was constructed in 1999. The
annual ambient temperature is 15 °C (so no climatic correction is necessary).
In accordance with Article 2 of this Decision for cogeneration units older than 10 years of age the reference values of
units of 10 years of age should be applied. According to Annex I to this Decision for a natural gas cogeneration unit built
in 1999, which has not been retrofitted, the harmonised efficiency reference value applicable in 2011 is the reference
value for 2001, 51,7 %. After the grid loss correction the resulting efficiency reference value for the separate production
of electricity in this cogeneration unit would be (based on the weighted mean of the factors in this Annex):
Ref Εη = 51,7 % * (0,860 * 85 % + 0,925 * 15 %) = 45,0 %

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