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23.11.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union
L
307/3
Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation
should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at:
http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html
Regulation No 117 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) —
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of tyres with regard to rolling sound emissions and to
adhesion on wet surfaces and/or to rolling resistance
Incorporating all valid text up to:
02 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 30 January 2011
Corrigendum 1 to the 02 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 30 January 2011
Corrigendum 2 to the 02 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 22 June 2011
Corrigendum 3 to the 02 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 22 June 2011
CONTENTS
REGULATION
1. Scope
2. Definitions
3. Application for approval
4. Markings
5. Approval
6. Specifications
7. Modifications of the type of pneumatic tyre and extension of approval
8. Conformity of production
9. Penalties for non-conformity of production
10. Production definitely discontinued
11. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type
Approval Authority
12. Transitional provisions
ANNEXES
Annex 1 — Communication
Annex 2 — Examples of Approval Marks
Appendix 1 — Arrangements of Approval Marks
Appendix 2 — Approval according to Regulation No 117 coincident with approval to
Regulation No 30 or 54
Appendix 3 — Extensions to combine approvals issued in accordance with Regulation
No 117, 30 or 54
Appendix 4 — Extensions to combine approvals issued in accordance with Regulation
No 117

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Annex 3 — Coast-by test method for measuring tyre-rolling sound emission
Appendix 1 — Test report
Annex 4 — Specifications for the test site
Annex 5 — Test procedure for measuring wet grip
Appendix 1 — Test Report (Adhesion on wet surface)
Annex 6 — Test Procedure for Measuring Rolling Resistance
Appendix 1 — Test Equipment Tolerances
Appendix 2 — Measuring Rim Width
Appendix 3 — Test Report and Test Data (Rolling Resistance)
Annex 7 — Procedures for Snow Performance Testing
Appendix 1 — Pictogram Definition of ‘Alpine Symbol’
Appendix 2 — Test Reports and Test Data
1. SCOPE
1.1.
This Regulation applies to new pneumatic tyres of Classes C1, C2 and C3 with regard to their
sound emissions, rolling resistance and to new pneumatic tyres of Class C1 with regard to adhesion
performance on wet surfaces (wet adhesion). It does not, however, apply to:
1.1.1. Tyres designed as ‘Temporary use spare tyres’ and marked ‘Temporary use only’;
1.1.2. Tyres
having
a
nominal
rim
diameter
code
≤ 10 (or ≤ 254 mm) or ≥ 25 (or ≥ 635 mm);
1.1.3. Tyres
designed
for
competitions;
1.1.4. Tyres intended to be fitted to road vehicles of categories other than M, N and O ( 1 );
1.1.5. Tyres fitted with additional devices to improve traction properties (e.g. studded tyres);
1.1.6. Tyres
with
a
speed
rating
less
than
80
km/h
(speed
symbol
F);
1.1.7. Tyres
designed
only
to
be
fitted
to
vehicles
registered
for
the
first
time
before
1
October
1990.
1.1.8. Professional off-road tyres for the requirements on rolling resistance and rolling sound.
1.2. Contracting
Parties
shall
issue
or
accept
approvals
to
rolling
sound
and/or
wet
adhesion
and/or
rolling resistance.
2. DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Regulation, in addition to the definitions contained in Regulations Nos 30
and 54, the following definitions apply.
( 1 ) As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document TRANS/WP.29/78/
Rev. 2, paragraph 2.

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2.1. ‘Type of tyre’ means, in relation to this Regulation, a range of tyres consisting of a list of tyre size
designations, brand names and trade descriptions, which do not differ in such essential
characteristics as:
(a) The manufacturer's name;
(b) The tyre class (see paragraph 2.4);
(c) The tyre structure;
(d) The category of use: normal tyre, snow tyre and special use tyre;
(e) For Class C1 tyres:
(i) In case of tyres submitted for approval of rolling sound emission levels, whether normal or
reinforced (or extra load);
(ii) In case of tyres submitted for approval of performance adhesion on wet surfaces, whether
normal tyres or snow tyres with a speed category of Q or below excluding H (≤ 160 km/h)
or speed category R and above including H (> 160 km/h);
(f) For Class C2 and C3 tyres:
(i) In case of tyres submitted for approval of rolling sound emission levels at stage 1, whether
M+S marked or not;
(ii) In case of tyres submitted for approval of rolling sound emission levels at stage 2, whether
traction tyre or not;
(g) The tread pattern (see paragraph 3.2.1).
2.2. ‘Brand name’ or ‘Trade description’ means the identification of the tyre as given by the tyre
manufacturer. The Brand name may be the same as that of the manufacturer and the Trade
description may coincide with the trade mark.
2.3. ‘Rolling sound emission’ means the sound emitted from the contact between the tyres in motion and
the road surface.
2.4. ‘Tyre Class’ means one of the following groupings:
2.4.1. Class
C1
tyres: Tyres conforming to Regulation No 30;
2.4.2. Class
C2
tyres: Tyres conforming to Regulation No 54 and identified by a load capacity index in
single formation lower or equal to 121 and a speed category symbol higher or equal to ‘N’;
2.4.3. Class
C3
tyres: Tyres conforming to Regulation No 54 and identified by:
(a) A load capacity index in single formation higher or equal to 122; or
(b) A load capacity index in single formation lower or equal to 121 and a speed category symbol
lower or equal to ‘M’.

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2.5. ‘Representative tyre size’ means the tyre size which is submitted to the test described in Annex 3 to
this Regulation with regard to rolling sound emissions, or Annex 5 for adhesion on wet surfaces or
Annex 6 for rolling resistance to assess the conformity for the type approval of the type of tyre, or
Annex 7 for snow performance to assess the category of use ‘snow’.
2.6. ‘Temporary-use spare tyre’ means a tyre different from a tyre intended to be fitted to any vehicle for
normal driving conditions; but intended only for temporary use under restricted driving conditions.
2.7. ‘Tyres designed for competition’ means tyres intended to be fitted to vehicles involved in motor sport
competition and not intended for non-competitive on-road use.
2.8. ‘Normal tyre’ means a tyre intended for normal on-road use.
2.9. ‘Reinforced tyre’ or ‘extra load tyre’ of Class C1 means a pneumatic-tyre structure designed to carry
more load at a higher inflation pressure than the load carried by the corresponding standard
version tyre at the standard inflation pressure as specified in ISO 4000-1:2010 ( 1 ).
2.10. ‘Traction tyre’ means a tyre in class C2 or C3 bearing the inscription TRACTION and intended to be
fitted primarily to the drive axle(s) of a vehicle to maximise force transmission in various
circumstances.
2.11. ‘Snow tyre’ means a tyre whose tread pattern, tread compound or structure are primarily designed to
achieve in snow conditions a performance better than that of a normal tyre with regard to its
ability to initiate, maintain or stop vehicle motion.
2.12. ‘Special use tyre’ means a tyre intended for mixed use both on- and off-road or for other special
duty. These tyres are primarily designed to initiate and maintain the vehicle in motion in off-road
conditions.
2.13. ‘Professional off-road tyre’ is a special use tyre primarily used for service in severe off-road conditions.
2.14. ‘Tread depth’ means the depth of the principal grooves.
2.14.1. ‘Principal grooves’ means the wide circumferential grooves positioned in the central zone of the tyre
tread, which, in the case of passenger and light truck (commercial) tyres, have the treadwear
indicators located in the base.
2.15. ‘Void to fill ratio’ means the ratio between the area of voids in a reference surface and the area of
this reference surface calculated from the mould drawing.
2.16. ‘Standard reference test tyre’ (SRTT) means a tyre that is produced, controlled and stored in
accordance with the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards E1136-93
(2003) (size P195/75R14).
2.17. Wet
Grip
measurements
–
Specific
definitions
2.17.1. ‘Adhesion on wet surfaces’ means the relative braking performance, on a wet surface, of a test vehicle
equipped with the candidate tyre in comparison to that of the same test vehicle equipped with a
reference tyre (SRTT).
( 1 ) Class C1 tyres correspond ‘passenger car tyres’ in ISO 4000-1:2010.

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2.17.2. ‘Candidate tyre’ means a tyre, representative of the type that is submitted for approval in accordance
with this Regulation.
2.17.3. ‘Control tyre’ means a normal production tyre that is used to establish the wet grip performance of
tyre sizes unable to be fitted to the same vehicle as the standard reference test tyre – see paragraph
2.2.2.16 of Annex 5 to this Regulation.
2.17.4. ‘Wet grip index (“G”)’ means the ratio between the performance of the candidate tyre and the
performance of the standard reference test tyre.
2.17.5. ‘Peak brake force coefficient (“pbfc”)’ means the maximum value of the ratio of braking force to vertical
load on the tyre prior to wheel lock-up.
2.17.6. ‘Mean fully developed deceleration (“mfdd”)’ means the average deceleration calculated on the basis of
the measured distance recorded when decelerating a vehicle between two specified speeds.
2.17.7. ‘Coupling (hitch) height’ means the height when measured perpendicularly from the centre of the
articulation point of the trailer towing coupling or hitch to the ground, when the towing vehicle
and trailer are coupled together. The vehicle and trailer shall be standing on level pavement surface
in its test mode complete with the appropriate tyre(s) to be used in the particular test.
2.18. Rolling
resistance
measurement
–
Specific
definitions
2.18.1. Rolling resistance F r
Loss of energy (or energy consumed) per unit of distance travelled ( 1 ).
2.18.2. Rolling resistance coefficient C r
Ratio of the rolling resistance to the load on the tyre ( 2 ).
2.18.3. New test tyre
A tyre which has not been previously used in a rolling deflected test that raises its temperature
above that generated in rolling resistance tests, and which has not previously been exposed to a
temperature above 40 °C ( 3 ) ( 4 ).
2.18.4. Laboratory Control Tyre
Tyre used by an individual laboratory to control machine behaviour as a function of time ( 5 ).
2.18.5. Capped inflation
Process of inflating the tyre and allowing the inflation pressure to build up, as the tyre is warmed
up while running.
2.18.6. Parasitic loss
Loss of energy (or energy consumed) per unit distance excluding internal tyre losses, attributable to
aerodynamic loss of the different rotating elements of the test equipment, bearing friction and
other sources of systematic loss which may be inherent in the measurement.
( 1 ) The International System of Units (SI) unit conventionally used for the rolling resistance is the newton-meter per
meter, which is equivalent to a drag force in newton.
( 2 ) The rolling resistance is expressed in newton and the load is expressed in kilo-newton. The rolling resistance
coefficient is dimensionless.
( 3 ) New test tyre definition is needed to reduce potential data variation and dispersion due to tyre aging effects.
( 4 ) It is permissible to repeat an accepted test procedure.
( 5 ) An example of machine behaviour is drift.

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2.18.7. Skim test reading
Type of parasitic loss measurement, in which the tyre is kept rolling without slippage, while
reducing the tyre load to a level at which energy loss within the tyre itself is virtually zero.
2.18.8. Inertia or Moment of Inertia.
Ratio of the torque applied to a rotating body to the rotational acceleration of this body ( 1 ).
2.18.9. Measurement reproducibility σ m
Capability of a machine to measure rolling resistance ( 2 ).
3. APPLICATION
FOR
APPROVAL
3.1.
The application for approval of a type of tyre with regard to this Regulation shall be submitted by
the tyre manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative. It shall specify:
3.1.1. The performance characteristics to be assessed for the tyre type; ‘rolling sound emissions level’
and/or ‘adhesion performance level on wet surfaces’ and/or ‘rolling resistance level’. Tyre ‘snow
performance level’ in cases where the category of use is snow;
3.1.2. Name
of
manufacturer;
3.1.3. Name
and
address
of
applicant;
3.1.4. Address(es)
of
manufacturing
plant(s);
3.1.5. Brand name(s), trade description(s), trade mark(s);
3.1.6. Tyre class (Class C1, C2 or C3) (see paragraph 2.4 of this Regulation);
3.1.6.1. Section width range for class C1 tyres (see paragraph 6.1.1 of this Regulation);
Note: This information is required only for approval with regard to rolling sound emission level.
3.1.7. Tyre
structure;
3.1.8. For
Class
C1
tyres,
state
whether:
(a) Reinforced (or extra load) in case of approval with regard to rolling sound emission level;
(b) Speed category symbol ‘Q’ or below (excluding ‘H’) or ‘R’ and above (including ‘H’) in case of
‘snow’ tyres for approval with regard to adhesion on wet surfaces;
( 1 ) The rotating body can be, for example, a tyre assembly or machine drum.
( 2 ) Measurement reproducibility σ m shall be estimated by measuring n times (where n ≥ 3), on a single tyre, the whole
procedure described in paragraph 4 of Annex 6 as follows:
n
2
1
n
v
u
8 Cr
n
n j
1
σ m 1
t X >
j 1
Where:
: Cr j X j 1 9 > ;
j = is the counter from 1 to n for the number of repetitions of each measurement for a given tyre
n = number of repetitions of tyre measurements (n ≥ 3)

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For Class C2 and C3 tyres, state whether:
(a) M+S marked in case of approval with regard to rolling sound emission level at stage 1.
(b) Traction in case of approval with regard to rolling sound emission level at stage 2.
3.1.9. Category
of
use
(normal,
snow,
or
special);
3.1.10. A list of tyre size designations covered by this application.
3.2. The
application
for
approval
shall
be
accompanied
(in
triplicate)
by:
3.2.1. Details of the major features, with respect to the effects on the performance (i.e. rolling sound
emission level, adhesion on wet surfaces, rolling resistance and snow grip) of the tyres, including
the tread pattern, included in the designated range of tyre sizes. This may be by means of
descriptions supplemented by technical data, drawings, photographs and Computer Tomography
(CT), and must be sufficient to allow the Type Approval Authority or technical service to determine
whether any subsequent changes to the major features will adversely affect the tyre performance.
The effects of changes to minor details of tyre construction on tyre performances will be evident
and determined during checks on conformity of production;
3.2.2. Drawings or photographs of the tyre sidewall, showing the information given in paragraph 3.1.8
above and the approval marking referred to in paragraph 4, shall be submitted once the production
has been established, but no later than one year after the date of granting of type approval.
3.2.3. In the case of applications relating to special use tyres, a copy of the mould drawing of the tread
pattern shall be supplied in order to allow verification of the void-to-fill ratio.
3.3.
At the request of the Type Approval Authority, the applicant shall submit samples of tyres for test
or copies of test reports from the technical services, communicated as given in paragraph 11 of this
Regulation.
3.4. With
regard
to
the
application,
testing
may
be
confined
to
a
worst
case
selection,
at
the
discretion
of the Type Approval Authority or designated technical service.
3.5. The
laboratories
and
test
facilities
of
a
tyre
manufacturer
may
be
designated
as
an
approved
laboratory and the type-approval authority shall have the option of being represented during
any tests.
4. MARKINGS
4.1. All
tyres
constituting
the
type
of
tyre
shall
be
marked
as
prescribed
by
either
Regulation
No
30
or
54, as applicable.
4.2. In
particular
tyres
shall
bear
( 1 ):
4.2.1. The
manufacturer's
name
or
trade
mark;
4.2.2. The trade description (see paragraph 2.2). However, the trade description is not required when it
coincides with the trade mark;
4.2.3. The
tyre
size
designation;
( 1 ) Some of these requirements may be specified separately in Regulation No 30 or 54.

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4.2.4. The inscription ‘REINFORCED’ (or alternatively ‘EXTRA LOAD’) if the tyre is classified as reinforced;
4.2.5. The
inscription
‘TRACTION’
if
the
tyre
is
classified
as
traction
( 1 );
4.2.6. The inscription ‘M+S’ or ‘M.S’ or ‘M&S’ in the case of a tyre designed to ensure in mud and fresh or
melting snow a performance better than that of a normal tyre.
4.2.7. The ‘Alpine’ symbol (‘3-peak-mountain with snowflake’ see Annex 7 Appendix 1) for all categories
if the tyre is classified in the category of use ‘snow’.
4.2.8. The inscription ‘MPT’ (or alternatively ‘ML’ or ‘ET’) and /or ‘POR’ if the tyre is classified in the
category of use ‘special’.
ET means Extra Tread, ML stands for Mining and Logging, MPT means Multi-Purpose Truck and
POR means Professional Off-Road.
4.3. Tyres
shall
provide
adequate
space
for
the
approval
mark
as
shown
in
Annex
2
to
this
Regulation.
4.4.
The approval mark shall be moulded into or onto the sidewall of the tyre, shall be clearly legible
and shall be located in the lower area of the tyre on at least one of the sidewalls.
4.4.1. However, in the case of tyres identified by the tyre to rim fitment configuration symbol ‘A’, the
marking may be located anywhere on the outside sidewall of the tyre.
5. APPROVAL
5.1.
If the representative tyre size of the type of tyre submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation
meets the requirements of paragraphs 6 and 7 below, approval of that type of tyre shall be granted.
5.2. An
approval
number
shall
be
assigned
to
the
type
of
tyre
approved.
The
same
Contracting
Party
may not assign the same number to another type of tyre.
5.3.
Notice of approval or extension of approval or refusal of approval of a type of tyre pursuant to this
Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement, which apply this Regulation by
means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to the Regulation.
5.3.1. Tyre manufacturers are entitled to submit an application for extension of type approval to the
requirements of other regulations relevant to the tyre type. In that case, a copy of the relevant type
approval communication(s), as issued by the relevant Type Approval Authority, shall be attached to
the application for extension of approval. All applications for extension of approval(s) shall only be
granted by the Type Approval Authority which issued the original approval for the tyre.
5.3.1.1. When extension of approval is granted to incorporate into the communication form (see Annex 1
to this Regulation) certification(s) of conformity to other regulations, the approval number on the
communication form shall be supplemented by suffix(es) to identify the given regulation(s) and the
technical prescriptions which have been incorporated by the extension of approval. In relation to
each given suffix, the specific type approval number(s) and the Regulation itself shall be added to
paragraph 9 of the communication form.
5.3.1.2. The prefix shall identify the series of amendments of the prescription on tyre performances for the
relevant Regulation, e.g. 02S2 to identify the second series of amendments on tyre road rolling
sound emissions at stage 2 or 02S1WR1 to identify the second series of amendments on tyre road
rolling sound emissions at stage 1, tyre adhesion on wet surfaces and rolling resistance at stage 1
(see paragraph 6.1 for stage 1 and stage 2 definitions). No identification to the series of
amendments shall be required if the relevant Regulation is in its original form.
( 1 ) Minimum height of marking: refer to dimension C in Annex 3 of Regulation No 54.

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5.3.2. The following suffixes have been already reserved to identify specific regulations on tyre
performance parameters:
S to identify additional conformity to the requirements on tyre rolling sound emissions;
W to identify additional conformity to the requirements on tyre adhesion on wet surfaces;
R to identify additional conformity to the requirements on tyre rolling resistance.
Taking into account that two stages are defined for rolling sound and rolling resistance
specifications in paragraphs 6.1 and 6.3, S and R will be followed either by the suffix ‘1’ for
compliance to stage 1 or by the suffix ‘2’ for compliance to stage 2.
5.4.
In the space referred to in paragraph 4.3 and in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 4.4
there shall be affixed to every tyre size, conforming to the type of tyre approved under this
Regulation, an international approval mark consisting of:
5.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has
granted approval ( 1 ); and
5.4.2. The
approval
number,
which
shall
be
placed
close
to
the
circle
prescribed
in
paragraph
5.4.1
either
above or below the ‘E’ or to the left or right of that letter.
5.4.3. The suffix(es), and the identification to the relevant series of amendments, if any, as specified in the
communication form.
One of the suffixes listed below or any combination of them can be used.
S1 Sound
level
at
stage
1
S2 Sound
level
at
stage
2
W Wet
adhesion
level
R1 Rolling
resistance
level
at
stage
1
R2 Rolling
resistance
level
at
stage
2
These suffixes shall be placed to the right or below the approval number, if part of the original
approval.
If the approval is extended subsequent to Regulation No 30 or 54 approvals, the addition sign ‘+’
and the series of amendment to Regulation No 117 shall be placed in front of the suffix or any
combination of suffixes to denote an extension to the approval.
If the approval is extended subsequent to the original approval under Regulation No 117, the
addition sign ‘+’ shall be placed between the suffix or any combination of suffixes of the original
approval and the suffix or any combination of suffixes added to denote an extension to the
approval.
5.4.4. The marking on the tyre sidewalls of suffix(es) to the approval number removes the requirement
for any additional marking on the tyre of the specific type approval number for conformity to the
Regulation(s) to which the suffix refers as per paragraph 5.3.2 above.
5.5.
If the tyre conforms to type approvals under one or more other Regulations annexed to the
Agreement in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed
in paragraph 5.4.1 need not be repeated. In such a case the additional numbers and symbols of all
( 1 ) The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3 to
Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2.

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the Regulations under which approval has been granted in the country which has granted approval
under this Regulation shall be placed adjacent to the symbol prescribed in paragraph 5.4.1 above.
5.6. Annex
2
to
this
Regulation
gives
examples
of
arrangements
of
approval
marks.
6. SPECIFICATIONS
6.1. Rolling
sound
emission
limits,
as
measured
by
the
method
described
in
Annex
3
to
this
Regulation.
6.1.1. For
Class
C1
tyres,
the
rolling
sound
emission
value
shall
not
exceed
the
values
pertinent
to
the
applicable stage given below. These values refer to the nominal section width as given in paragraph
2.17.1.1 of Regulation No 30:
Stage 1
Nominal Section Width Limit
dB(A)
145 and lower 72
Over 145 up to 165 73
Over 165 up to 185 74
Over 185 up to 215 75
Over 215 76
The above limits shall be increased by 1 dB(A) for extra load tyres or reinforced tyres and by 2 dB(A) for
‘special use tyres’.
Stage 2
Nominal Section Width Limit
dB(A)
185 and lower 70
Over 185 up to 245 71
Over 245 up to 275 72
Over 275 74
The above limits shall be increased by 1 dB(A) for snow tyres, extra load tyres or reinforced tyres, or any
combination of these classifications.
6.1.2. For
Class
C2
tyres,
the
rolling
sound
emission
value
with
reference
to
its
category
of
use
(see
paragraph 2.1 above) shall not exceed the values pertinent to the applicable stage given below:
Stage 1
Category of use Limit
dB(A)
Normal 75
Snow (*) 77
Special 78
(*) limit value applies also to tyres marked M+S only.

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Stage 2
Category of use Limit
dB(A)
Normal 72
Snow 73
Special 74
In case of traction tyres, the above limits shall be increased by 1 dB(A) for category of use normal and special,
and by 2 dB(A) for category of use snow.
6.1.3. For
Class
C3
tyres,
the
rolling
sound
emission
value
with
reference
to
its
category
of
use
(see
paragraph 2.1 above) shall not exceed the values pertinent to the applicable stage given below:
Stage 1
Category of use Limit
dB(A)
Normal 76
Snow (*) 78
Special 79
(*) Limit applies also to tyres marked M+S only.
Stage 2
Category of use Limit
dB(A)
Normal 73
Snow 74
Special 75
In case of traction tyres, the above limits shall be increased by 2 dB(A).
6.2.
The wet grip performance will be based on a procedure that compares either peak brake force
coefficient (‘pbfc’) or mean fully developed deceleration (‘mfdd’) against values achieved by a
standard reference test tyre (SRTT). The relative performance shall be indicated by a wet grip
index (G).
6.2.1. For Class C1 tyres, tested in accordance with either procedure given in Annex 5 to this Regulation,
the tyre shall meet the following requirements:
Category of use Wet
grip
index
(G)
Snow tyre with a speed symbol (‘Q’ or below excluding ‘H’) indicating a
≥ 0,9
maximum permissible speed not greater than 160 km/h
Snow tyre with a speed symbol (‘R’ and above, including ‘H’) indicating a
≥ 1,0
maximum permissible speed greater than 160 km/h
Normal (road type) tyre
≥ 1,1

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6.3. Rolling
resistance
coefficient
limits,
as
measured
by
the
method
described
in
Annex
6
to
this
Regulation.
6.3.1. The maximum values for stage 1 for the rolling resistance coefficient shall not exceed the following
(value in N/kN is equivalent to value in kg/tonne):
Tyre class Max
value
(N/kN)
C1 12,0
C2 10,5
C3 8,0
For snow tyres, the limits shall be increased by 1 N/kN.
6.3.2. The maximum values for stage 2 for the rolling resistance coefficient shall not exceed the following
(value in N/kN is equivalent to value in kg/tonne):
Tyre class Max
value
(N/kN)
C1 10,5
C2 9,0
C3 6,5
For snow tyres, the limits shall be increased by 1 N/kN.
6.4.
In order to be classified in the category of use ‘snow tyre’, a tyre is required to meet performance
requirements based on a test method by which:
(a) the mean fully developed deceleration (‘mfdd’) in a braking test,
(b) or alternatively a maximum or average traction force in a traction test,
(c) or alternatively the mean fully developed acceleration in an acceleration test ( 1 ) of a candidate
tyre is compared to that of a standard reference tyre.
The relative performance shall be indicated by a snow index.
6.4.1. Tyre
snow
performance
requirements
6.4.1.1. Class C1 and C2 tyres
The minimum snow index value, as calculated in the procedure described in Annex 7 and
compared with the SRTT shall be as follows:
Class of tyre
Snow performance index (brake on snow
method) ( 1 )
Snow performance index (spin traction method) ( 2 )
C1 1,07 1,10
C2 N/A 1,10
( 1 ) See paragraph 3 of Annex 7 to this Regulation.
( 2 ) See paragraph 2 of Annex 7 to this Regulation.
( 1 ) This test procedure is currently under development.

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6.5.
In order to be classified as a ‘traction tyre’, a tyre is required to meet at least one of the conditions
of paragraph 6.5.1 below.
6.5.1. The
tyre
shall
have
a
tread
pattern
with
minimum
two
circumferential
ribs,
each
containing
a
minimum of 30 block-like elements, separated by grooves and/or sipe elements the depth of which
has to be minimum of one half of the tread depth. The use of an alternative option of a physical
test will only apply at a later stage following a further amendment to the Regulation including a
reference to an appropriate test methods and limit values.
6.6.
In order to be classified as a ‘special use tyre’ a tyre shall have a block tread pattern in which the
blocks are larger and more widely spaced than for normal tyres and have the following
characteristics:
For C1 tyres: a tread depth ≥ 11 mm and void to fill ratio ≥ 35 per cent
For C2 tyres: a tread depth ≥ 11 mm and void to fill ratio ≥ 35 per cent
For C3 tyres: a tread depth ≥ 16 mm and void to fill ratio ≥ 35 per cent
6.7. In
order
to
be
classified
as
a 'professional off-road tyre', a tyre shall have all of the following
characteristics:
(a) For C1 and C2 tyres:
(i) A tread depth ≥ 11 mm
(ii) A void-to-fill ratio ≥ 35 per cent
(iii) A maximum speed rating of ≤ Q
(b) For C3 tyres:
(i) A tread depth ≥ 16 mm
(ii) A void-to-fill ratio ≥ 35 per cent
(iii) A maximum speed rating of ≤ K
7.
MODIFICATIONS OF THE TYPE OF PNEUMATIC TYRE AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL
7.1.
Every modification of the type of tyre, which may influence the performance characteristics
approved in accordance with this Regulation, shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority
which approved the type of tyre. The authority may either:
7.1.1. Consider
that
the
modifications
are
unlikely
to
have
any
appreciable
adverse
effect
on
the
performance characteristics approved and that the tyre will comply with the requirements of
this Regulation; or
7.1.2. Require further samples to be submitted for test or further test reports from the designated
technical service.
7.1.3. Confirmation
or
refusal
of
approval,
specifying
the
modifications,
shall
be
communicated
by
the
procedure given in paragraph 5.3 of this Regulation to the Parties to the Agreement which apply
this Regulation.
7.1.4. The
Type
Approval
Authority
granting
the
extension
of
approval
shall
assign
a
series
number
for
such an extension which shall be shown on the communication form.

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8. CONFORMITY
OF
PRODUCTION
The conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in the Agreement,
Appendix 2 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2) with the following requirements:
8.1.
Any tyre approved under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the
performance characteristics of the type of tyre approved and satisfy the requirements of
paragraph 6 above;
8.2.
In order to verify conformity as prescribed in paragraph 8.1 above, a random sample of tyres
bearing the approval mark required by this Regulation shall be taken from the series production.
The normal frequency of verification of conformity of production shall be at least once every two
years;
8.2.1. In the case of verifications with regard to approvals in accordance with paragraph 6.2, these shall
be carried out using the same procedure (see Annex 5 to this Regulation) as that adopted for
original approval, and the Type Approval Authority shall satisfy itself that all tyres falling within an
approved type comply with the approval requirement. The assessment shall be based upon the
production volume of the tyre type at each manufacturing facility, taking into account the quality
management system(s) operated by the manufacturer. Where the test procedure involves testing a
number of tyres at the same time, for example a set of four tyres for the purpose of testing wet
grip performance in accordance with the standard vehicle procedure given in Annex 5 to this
Regulation, then the set shall be considered as being one unit for the purposes of calculating the
number of tyres to be tested.
8.3.
Production shall be deemed to conform to the requirements of this Regulation if the levels
measured comply with the limits prescribed in paragraph 6.1 above, with an additional
allowance of + 1 dB(A) for possible mass production variations.
8.4.
Production shall be deemed to conform to the requirements of this Regulation if the levels
measured comply with the limits prescribed in paragraph 6.3 above, with an additional
allowance of + 0,3 N/kN for possible mass production variations.
9. PENALTIES
FOR
NON-CONFORMITY
OF
PRODUCTION
9.1.
The approval granted in respect of a type of tyre pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if
the requirements laid down in paragraph 8 above are not complied with, or if any tyre of the type
of tyre exceeds the limits given in paragraph 8.3 or 8.4 above.
9.2.
If a Party to the Agreement, which applies this Regulation, withdraws an approval, it has previously
granted, it shall forthwith notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of
a copy of the approval form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to the Regulation.
10. PRODUCTION
DEFINITELY
DISCONTINUED
If the holder of an approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of pneumatic tyre approved
in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the authority, which granted the approval.
Upon receiving the relevant communication that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to
the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to
the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
11.
NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING APPROVAL TESTS
AND OF TYPE APPROVAL AUTHORITY
The Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations
Secretariat, the names and addresses of the Technical Services conducting approval tests and of the
Type Approval Authority which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or
extension of approval or refusal or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.
12. TRANSITIONAL
PROVISIONS
12.1. As from the date of entry into force of the 02 series of amendments to this Regulation, Contracting
Parties applying this Regulation shall not refuse to grant ECE approval under this Regulation for a
type of tyre if the tyre complies with the requirements of the 02 series of amendments, including

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the stage 1 or stage 2 rolling sound requirements set out in paragraphs 6.1.1 to 6.1.3, the
requirements for wet grip performance set out in paragraph 6.2.1, and the stage 1 or stage 2
rolling resistance requirements set out in paragraph 6.3.1 or 6.3.2.
12.2. As
from
1
November
2012,
Contracting
Parties
applying
this
Regulation
shall
refuse
to
grant
ECE
approval if the tyre type to be approved does not meet the requirements of this Regulation as
amended by the 02 series of amendments, and shall, in addition, refuse to grant ECE approval if
the stage 2 rolling sound requirements set out in paragraphs 6.1.1 to 6.1.3, the requirements for
wet grip performance set out in paragraph 6.2.1, and the stage 1 rolling resistance requirements set
out in paragraph 6.3.1 are not complied with.
12.3. As
from
1
November
2014,
Contracting
Parties
applying
this
Regulation
may
refuse
to
allow
the
sale or entry into service of a tyre which does not meet the requirements of this Regulation as
amended by the 02 series, and which does not meet the requirements of this Regulation as
amended by the 02 series of amendments including the wet grip performance requirements set
out in paragraph 6.2.
12.4. As
from
1
November
2016,
Contracting
Parties
applying
this
Regulation
shall
refuse
to
grant
ECE
approval if the tyre type to be approved does not meet the requirements of this Regulation as
amended by the 02 series of amendments including the stage 2 rolling resistance requirements set
out in paragraph 6.3.2.
12.5. As
from
1
November
2016,
any
Contracting
Party
applying
this
Regulation
may
refuse
to
allow
the
sale or entry into service of a tyre which does not meet the requirements of this Regulation as
amended by the 02 series, and which does not meet the stage 2 rolling sound requirements set out
in paragraphs 6.1.1 to 6.1.3.
12.6. As
from
the
dates
given
below,
any
Contracting
Party
applying
this
Regulation
may
refuse
to
allow
the sale or entry into service of a tyre which does not meet the requirements of this Regulation as
amended by the 02 series, and which does not meet the stage 1 rolling resistance requirements set
out in paragraph 6.3.1:
Tyre class Date
C1, C2 1
November
2014
C3 1
November
2016
12.7. As
from
the
dates
given
below,
any
Contracting
Party
applying
this
Regulation
may
refuse
to
allow
the sale or entry into service of a tyre which does not meet the requirements of this Regulation as
amended by the 02 series, and which does not meet the stage 2 rolling resistance requirements set
out in paragraph 6.3.2:
Tyre class Date
C1, C2 1
November
2018
C3 1
November
2020

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Official Journal of the European Union
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ANNEX 1
COMMUNICATION
(Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))

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ANNEX 2
EXAMPLES OF APPROVAL MARKS
Appendix 1
ARRANGEMENTS OF APPROVAL MARKS
(See paragraph 5.4 to this Regulation)
Approval according to Regulation No 117
Example 1
a ≥ 12 mm
The above approval mark, affixed to a pneumatic tyre shows that a tyre concerned has been approved in the Netherlands
(E4) pursuant to Regulation No 117 (marked by S2 (rolling sound at stage 2) only), under approval number 0212345.
The first two digits of the approval number (02) indicate that the approval was granted according to the requirements of
the 02 series of amendments of this Regulation.
Example 2
a ≥ 12 mm
The above approval mark shows that the tyre concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No 117 (marked by S1 (rolling sound at stage 1) W (wet adhesion), and R1 (Rolling resistance at stage 1)
under approval number 0212345. This indicates that the approval is for S1WR1. The first two digits of the approval
number (02) indicate that the approval was granted according to the requirements of the 02 series of amendments of this
Regulation.

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Appendix 2
APPROVAL ACCORDING TO REGULATION No 117 COINCIDENT WITH APPROVAL TO REGULATION No
30 OR 54 ( 1 )
Example 1
a ≥ 12 mm
The above approval mark shows that the tyre concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No 117 (marked by S2 (rolling sound at stage 2)), under approval number 0212345 and Regulation
No 30, under approval number 0236378. The first two digits of the approval number (02) indicate that the approval
was granted according to the 02 series of amendments and Regulation No 30 included the 02 series of amendments.
Example 2
a ≥ 12 mm
The above approval mark shows that the tyre concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No 117 (marked by S2WR2 (rolling sound at stage 2 wet adhesion and rolling resistance at stage 2)),
under approval number 0212345 and Regulation No 30 under approval number 0236378. The first two digits of
the approval number (02) indicate that the approval was granted according to the 02 series of amendments and
Regulation No 30 included the 02 series of amendments.
( 1 ) Approvals in accordance with Regulation No 117 for tyres within the scope of Regulation No 54 currently do not include wet
adhesion requirements.

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Example 3
a ≥ 12 mm
The above approval mark shows that the tyre concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No 117 and the 02 series of amendments under approval number 0212345 (marked by S2), and Regulation
No 54. This indicates that the approval is for rolling sound stage 2 (S2). The first two digits of the Regulation No 117
approval number (02) in conjunction with ‘S2’ indicate that the first approval was granted in accordance with Regulation
No 117 which included the 02 series of amendments. The first two digits of Regulation No 54 (00) indicate that this
Regulation was in its original form.
Example 4
a ≥ 12 mm
The above approval mark shows that the tyre concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No 117 and the 02 series of amendments under approval number 0212345 (marked by S2 R2), and
Regulation No 54. This indicates that the approval is for rolling sound stage 2 (S2) and rolling resistance stage 2.
The first two digits of the Regulation No 117 approval number (02) in conjunction with ‘S2R2’ indicate that the first
approval was granted in accordance with Regulation No 117 which included the 02 series of amendments. The first two
digits of Regulation No 54 (00) indicate that this Regulation was in its original form.

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Appendix 3
EXTENSIONS TO COMBINE APPROVALS ISSUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH REGULATION Nos 117,
30 OR 54 ( 1 )
Example 1
a ≥ 12 mm
The above approval mark shows that the tyre concerned has been initially approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No 30 and the 02 series of amendments under approval number 0236378. It is also marked by + 02S1
(rolling sound at stage 1) which indicates that its approval is extended under Regulation No 117 (02 series of
amendments). The first two digits of the approval number (02) indicate that the approval was granted according to
Regulation No 30 (02 series of amendments). The addition (+) sign indicates that the first approval was granted in
accordance with Regulation No 30 and has been extended to include the approval(s) granted according to Regulation No
117 (02 series of amendments) for rolling sound at stage 1.
Example 2
a ≥ 12 mm
The above approval mark shows that the tyre concerned has been initially approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No 30 and the 02 series of amendments under approval number 0236378. This indicates that the approval is
for S1 (rolling sound at stage 1) W (wet adhesion) and R2 (rolling resistance at stage 2). The S1WR2 preceded by (02)
indicates that it has had its approval extended under Regulation No 117 which included the 02 series of amendments.
The first two digits of the approval number (02) indicate that the approval was granted according to Regulation No 30
(02 series of amendments). The addition (+) sign indicates that the first approval was granted in accordance with
Regulation No 30 and has been extended to include Regulation No 117 approval(s) (02 series of amendments).
( 1 ) Approvals in accordance with Regulation No 117 for tyres within the scope of Regulation No 54 currently do not include wet
adhesion requirements.

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Appendix 4
EXTENSIONS TO COMBINE APPROVALS ISSUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH REGULATION No 117 ( 1 )
Example 1
a ≥ 12 mm
The above approval mark shows that the tyre concerned has been initially approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No 117 and the 02 series of amendments under approval number 0212345. This indicates that the approval
is for W (wet grip). The S2R2 preceded by + indicates that it has had its approval extended under Regulation No 117 to
rolling sound at stage 2 and rolling resistance at stage 2 based on separate certificate(s).
Example 2
a ≥ 12 mm
The above approval mark shows that the tyre concerned has been initially approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No 117 and the 02 series of amendments under approval number 0212345. This indicates that the approval
is for S1 (rolling sound at stage 1) and W (wet grip). The R1 preceded by + indicates that it has had its approval extended
under Regulation No 117 to rolling resistance at stage 1 based on separate certificate(s).
Example 3
a ≥ 12 mm
( 1 ) Approvals in accordance with Regulation No 117 for tyres within the scope of Regulation No 54 currently do not include wet
adhesion requirements.

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The above approval mark shows that the tyre concerned has been initially approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No 117 and the 01 series of amendments under approval number 0167890. This indicates that the approval
is for S (rolling sound at stage 1) and W (wet grip). The 02R1 preceded by + indicates that it has had its approval
extended under Regulation No 117 and the 02 series of amendments to rolling resistance at stage 1 based on separate
certificate(s).

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ANNEX 3
COAST-BY TEST METHOD FOR MEASURING TYRE-ROLLING SOUND EMISSION
0. INTRODUCTION
The presented method contains specifications on measuring instruments, measurement conditions and the
measurement method, in order to obtain the sound level of a set of tyres mounted on a test vehicle rolling
on a specified road surface. The maximum sound pressure level is to be recorded, when the test vehicle is
coasting, by remote-field microphones; the final result for a reference speed is obtained from a linear regression
analysis. Such test results cannot be related to tyre rolling sound measured during acceleration under power or
deceleration under braking.
1. MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS
1.1. Acoustic
measurements
The sound level meter or the equivalent measuring system, including the windscreen recommended by the
manufacturer shall meet or exceed the requirements of Type 1 instruments in accordance with IEC
60651:1979/A1:1993, second edition.
The measurements shall be made using the frequency weighting A, and the time weighting F.
When using a system that includes a periodic monitoring of the A-weighted sound level, a reading should be
made at a time interval not greater than 30 ms.
1.1.1. Calibration
At the beginning and at the end of every measurement session, the entire measurement system shall be checked
by means of a sound calibrator that fulfils the requirements for sound calibrators of at least precision Class 1
according to IEC 60942:1988. Without any further adjustment the difference between the readings of two
consecutive checks shall be less than or equal to 0,5 dB. If this value is exceeded, the results of the measurements
obtained after the previous satisfactory check shall be discarded.
1.1.2. Compliance
with
requirements
The compliance of the sound calibration device with the requirements of IEC 60942:1988 shall be verified once
a year and the compliance of the instrumentation system with the requirements of IEC 60651:1979/A1:1993,
second edition shall be verified at least every two years, by a laboratory which is authorised to perform cali
brations traceable to the appropriate standards.
1.1.3. Positioning
of
the
microphone
The microphone (or microphones) shall be located at a distance of 7,5 ± 0,05 m from track reference line CC'
(Figure 1) and 1,2 ± 0,02 m above the ground. Its axis of maximum sensitivity shall be horizontal and perpen
dicular to the path of the vehicle (line CC').
1.2. Speed
measurements
The vehicle speed shall be measured with instruments with accuracy of ± 1 km/h or better when the front end of
the vehicle has reached line PP (Figure 1).
1.3. Temperature
measurements
Measurements of air as well as test surface temperature are mandatory.
The temperature measuring devices shall be accurate within ± 1 °C.
1.3.1. Air
temperature
The temperature sensor is to be positioned in an unobstructed location close to the microphone in such a way
that it is exposed to the airflow and protected from direct solar radiation. The latter may be achieved by any
shading screen or similar device. The sensor should be positioned at a height of 1,2 ± 0,1 m above the test
surface level, to minimise the influence of the test surface thermal radiation at low airflows.
1.3.2. Test
surface
temperature
The temperature sensor is to be positioned in a location where the temperature measured is representative of the
temperature in the wheel tracks, without interfering with the sound measurement.
If an instrument with a contact temperature sensor is used, heat-conductive paste shall be applied between the
surface and the sensor to ensure adequate thermal contact.

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If a radiation thermometer (pyrometer) is used, the height should be chosen to ensure that a measuring spot with
a diameter of ≥ 0,1 m is covered.
1.4. Wind
measurement
The device shall be capable of measuring the wind speed with a tolerance of ± 1 m/s. The wind shall be
measured at microphone height. The wind direction with reference to the driving direction shall be recorded.
2. CONDITIONS
OF
MEASUREMENT
2.1. Test
site
The test site shall consist of a central section surrounded by a substantially flat test area. The measuring section
shall be level; the test surface shall be dry and clean for all measurements. The test surface shall not be artificially
cooled during or prior the testing.
The test track shall be such that the conditions of a free sound field between the sound source and the
microphone are attained to within 1 dB(A). These conditions shall be deemed to be met if there are no large
sound reflecting objects, such as fences, rocks, bridges or building within 50 m of the centre of the measuring
section. The surface of the test track and the dimensions of the test site shall be in accordance with Annex 4 to
this Regulation.
A central part of at least 10 m radius shall be free of powdery snow, tall grass, loose soil, cinders or the like.
There shall be no obstacle, which could affect the sound field within the vicinity of the microphone and no
persons shall stand between the microphone and the sound source. The operator carrying out the measurements
and any observers attending the measurements shall position themselves so as not to affect the readings of the
measuring instruments.
2.2. Meteorological
conditions
Measurements shall not be made under poor atmospheric conditions. It shall be ensured that the results are not
affected by gusts of wind. Testing shall not be performed if the wind speed at the microphone height exceeds
5 m/s.
Measurements shall not be made if the air temperature is below 5 °C or above 40 °C or the test surface
temperature is below 5 °C or above 50 °C.
2.3. Ambient
noise
2.3.1. The background sound level (including any wind noise) shall be at least 10 dB(A) less than the measured tyre
rolling sound emission. A suitable windscreen may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of
its effect on the sensitivity and directional characteristics of the microphone.
2.3.2. Any measurement affected by a sound peak which appears to be unrelated to the characteristics of the general
sound level of tyres, shall be ignored.
2.4. Test
vehicle
requirements
2.4.1. General
The test vehicle shall be a motor vehicle and be fitted with four single tyres on just two axles.
2.4.2. Vehicle
load
The vehicle shall be loaded such as to comply with the test tyre loads as specified in paragraph 2.5.2 below.
2.4.3. Wheelbase
The wheelbase between the two axles fitted with the test tyres shall for Class C1 be less than 3,50 m and for
Class C2 and Class C3 tyres be less than 5 m.
2.4.4. Measures
to
minimise
vehicle
influence
on
sound
level
measurements
To ensure that tyre rolling sound is not significantly affected by the test vehicle design the following
requirements and recommendations are given.
2.4.4.1. Requirements:
(a) Spray suppression flaps or other extra device to suppress spray shall not be fitted;
(b) Addition or retention of elements in the immediate vicinity of the rims and tyres, which may screen the
emitted sound, is not permitted;

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(c) Wheel alignment (toe in, camber and caster) shall be in full accordance with the vehicle manufacturer's
recommendations;
(d) Additional sound absorbing material may not be mounted in the wheel housings or under the underbody;
(e) Suspension shall be in such a condition that it does not result in an abnormal reduction in ground clearance
when the vehicle is loaded in accordance with the testing requirement. If available, body level regulation
systems shall be adjusted to give a ground clearance during testing which is normal for unladen condition.
2.4.4.2. Recommendations to avoid parasitic noise:
(a) Removal or modification on the vehicle that may contribute to the background noise of the vehicle is
recommended. Any removals or modifications shall be recorded in the test report;
(b) During testing it should be ascertained that brakes are not poorly released, causing brake noise;
(c) It should be ascertained that electric cooling fans are not operating;
(d) Windows and sliding roof of the vehicle shall be closed during testing.
2.5. Tyres
2.5.1. General
Four identical tyres shall be fitted on the test vehicle. In the case of tyres with a load capacity index in excess of
121 and without any dual fitting indication, two of these tyres of the same type and range shall be fitted to the
rear axle of the test vehicle; the front axle shall be fitted with tyres of size suitable for the axle load and planed
down to the minimum depth in order to minimise the influence of tyre/road contact noise while maintaining a
sufficient level of safety. Winter tyres that in certain Contracting Parties may be equipped with studs intended to
enhance friction shall be tested without this equipment. Tyres with special fitting requirements shall be tested in
accordance with these requirements (e.g. rotation direction). The tyres shall have full tread depth before being
run-in.
Tyres are to be tested on rims permitted by the tyre manufacturer.
2.5.2. Tyre
loads
The test load Q t for each tyre on the test vehicle shall be 50 to 90 per cent of the reference load Q r , but the
average test load Q t,avr of all tyres shall be 75 ± 5 per cent of the reference load Q r .
For all tyres the reference load Q r corresponds to the maximum mass associated with the load capacity index of
the tyre. In the case where the load capacity index is constituted by two numbers divided by slash (/), reference
shall be made to the first number.
2.5.3. Tyre
inflation
pressure
Each tyre fitted on the test vehicle shall have a test pressure P t not higher than the reference pressure P r and
within the interval:
P r Q t 1;25 ≤ P
1;25
Q

t ≤ 1;1 P r

r
Q t Q r
For Class C2 and Class C3 the reference pressure P r is the pressure corresponding to the pressure index marked
on the sidewall.
For Class C1 the reference pressure is P r = 250 kPa for ‘standard’ tyres and 290 kPa for ‘reinforced’ or ‘extra load’
tyres; the minimum test pressure shall be P t = 150 kPa.
2.5.4. Preparations
prior
to
testing
The tyres shall be ‘run-in’ prior to testing to remove compound nodules or other tyre pattern characteristics
resulting from the moulding process. This will normally require the equivalent of about 100 km of normal use
on the road.
The tyres fitted to the test vehicle shall rotate in the same direction as when they were run-in.
Prior to testing tyres shall be warmed up by running under test conditions.

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3. METHOD
OF
TESTING
3.1. General
conditions
For all measurements the vehicle shall be driven in a straight line over the measuring section (AA' to BB') in such
a way that the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle is as close as possible to the line CC'.
When the front end of the test vehicle has reached the line AA' the vehicle driver shall have put the gear selector
on neutral position and switched off the engine. If abnormal noise (e.g. ventilator, self-ignition) is emitted by the
test vehicle during the measurement, the test shall be disregarded.
3.2. Nature
and
number
of
measurements
The maximum sound level expressed in A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) shall be measured to the first decimal place
as the vehicle is coasting between lines AA' and BB' (Figure 1 — front end of the vehicle on line AA', rear end of
the vehicle on line BB'). This value will constitute the result of the measurement.
At least four measurements shall be made on each side of the test vehicle at test speeds lower than the reference
speed specified in paragraph 4.1 and at least four measurements at test speeds higher than the reference speed.
The speeds shall be approximately equally spaced over the speed range specified in paragraph 3.3.
3.3. Test
speed
range
The test vehicle speeds shall be within the range:
(a) From 70 to 90 km/h for Class C1 and Class C2 tyres;
(b) From 60 to 80 km/h for Class C3 tyres.
4. INTERPRETATION
OF
RESULTS
The measurement shall be invalid if an abnormal discrepancy between the values is recorded (see paragraph 2.3.2
of this Annex).
4.1. Determination
of
test
result
Reference speed V ref used to determine the final result will be:
(a) 80 km/h for Class C1 and Class C2 tyres;
(b) 70 km/h for Class C3 tyres.
4.2. Regression
analysis
of
rolling
sound
measurements
The tyre-road rolling sound level L R in dB(A) is determined by a regression analysis according to:
L R L – a v
where:
L is the mean value of the rolling sound levels L i , measured in db(A):
1 n
L
L
n

i
X i 1
n is the measurement number (n ≥ 16),
v is the mean value of logarithms of speeds V i :
1 n
ν
ν
n

i with ν
a is
X
i = lg(V i / V ref )
i 1
the slope of the regression line in dB(A):
Xn ν i – ν L i – L
a i 1 n 2
X ν i – ν
i 1
4.3. Temperature
correction
For Class C1 and Class C2 tyres, the final result shall be normalised to a test surface reference temperature θ ref by
applying a temperature correction, according to the following:
L R (θ ref ) = L R (θ) + K(θ ref – θ)

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where:
θ =
the
measured
test
surface
temperature,
θ ref = 20 °C,
For Class C1 tyres, the coefficient K is: – 0,03 db(A)/°C, when θ < θ ref
and: – 0,06 dB(A)/°C when θ < θ ref .
For Class C2 tyres, the coefficient K is – 0,02 dB(A)/°C
If the measured test surface temperature does not change more than 5 °C within all measurements necessary for
the determination of the sound level of one set of tyres, the temperature correction may be made only on the
final reported tyre rolling sound level as indicated above, utilising the arithmetic mean value of the measured
temperatures. Otherwise each measured sound level L i shall be corrected, utilising the temperature at the time of
the sound recording.
There will be no temperature correction for Class C3 tyres.
4.4.
In order to take account of any measuring instrument inaccuracies, the results according to paragraph 4.3 shall
be reduced by 1 dB(A).
4.5. The
final
result,
the
temperature
corrected
tyre
rolling
sound
level
L R (θ ref ) in dB(A), shall be rounded down to
the nearest lower whole value.
Figure 1
Microphone positions for the measurement

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EN
23.11.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
307/31
Appendix 1
TEST REPORT
Part 1 — Report
1. Type Approval Authority or Technical Service: ................................................................................................
................................
2. Name and address of applicant: .............................................................................................................................................................
3. Test report No: ................................................................................................
.............................................................................................
4. Manufacturer and Brand Name or Trade description: .....................................................................................................................
5. Tyre Class (C1, C2 or C3): ......................................................................................................................................................................
6. Category of use: ................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
7. Sound level according to paragraphs 4.4 and 4.5 of Annex 3 ......................................................................................dB(A)
at reference speed of 70/80 km/h ( 1 ) ....................................................................................................................................................
8. Comments (if any): ..............................................................................................
.......................................................................................
9. Date: ................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................
10. Signature: .........................................................................................................................................................................
...............................
Part 2 — Test data
1. Date
of
test:
...................................................................................................................................................................
...............................
2. Test
vehicle
(Make,
model,
year,
modifications,
etc.):
................................................................................................
......................
2.1. Test vehicle wheelbase: mm ................................................................................................
.....................................................................
3. Location
of
test
track:
................................................................................................................................................................
................
3.1. Date of track certification to ISO 10844:1994: ................................................................................................
...............................
3.2. Issued by: ................................................................................................
................................................................................................
.......
3.3. Method of certification: ................................................................................................................................................................
.............
4. Tyre
test
details:
................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
4.1. Tyre size designation: ................................................................................................
.................................................................................
4.2. Tyre service description: ............................................................................................................................................................................
4.3. Reference inflation pressure: kPa ................................................................................................
............................................................
4.4. Test data: .........................................................................................................................................................................
...............................
Front left Front
right Rear
left Rear
right
Test mass (kg)
Tyre load index (%)
Inflation pressure (cold)
(kPa)
4.5. Test rim width code: ...........................................................................................
.......................................................................................
4.6. Temperature measurement sensor type: ................................................................................................
...............................................
( 1 ) Strike out what does not apply.

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5. Valid
Test
results:
................................................................................................
........................................................................................
Sound level Sound level
Sound level Sound level
left (*)
right (*)
Run No Test Speed Direction of
left (*)
right (*)
Air temp. Track temp.
km/h
run
measured
measured
°C
°C
temp.
temp.
Comments
dB(A)
dB(A)
corrected
corrected
dB(A)
dB(A)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
(*) Relative to the vehicle.
5.1. Regression line slope: ................................................................................................
.................................................................................
5.2. Sound level after temperature correction according to paragraph 4.3 of Annex 3: ............................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................ dB(A)

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EN
23.11.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
307/33
ANNEX 4
SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE TEST SITE
1. INTRODUCTION
This Annex describes the specifications relating to the physical characteristics and the laying of the test track.
These specifications based on a special standard ( 1 ) describe the required physical characteristics as well as the test
methods for these characteristics.
2. REQUIRED
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
THE
SURFACE
A surface is considered to conform to this standard provided that the texture and voids content or sound
absorption coefficient have been measured and found to fulfil all the requirements of paragraphs 2.1 to 2.4
below and provided that the design requirements (paragraph 3.2) have been met.
2.1. Residual
voids
content
The residual voids content (VC) of the test track paving mixture shall not exceed 8 per cent. For the
measurement procedure, see paragraph 4.1.
2.2. Sound
absorption
coefficient
If the surface fails to comply with the residual voids content requirement, the surface is acceptable only if its
sound absorption coefficient α ≤ 0,10. For the measurement procedure, see paragraph 4.2. The requirement of
paragraphs 2.1 and 2.2 is met also if only sound absorption has been measured and found to be α ≤ 0,10.
Note: The most relevant characteristic is the sound absorption, although the residual voids content is more familiar
among road constructors. However, sound absorption needs to be measured only if the surface fails to comply
with the voids requirement. This is motivated because the latter is connected with relatively large uncertainties in
terms of both measurements and relevance and some surfaces therefore erroneously may be rejected when based
only on the voids measurement.
2.3. Texture
depth
The texture depth (TD) measured according to the volumetric method (see paragraph 4.3 below) shall be:
TD ≥ 0,4 mm
2.4. Homogeneity
of
the
surface
Every practical effort shall be taken to ensure that the surface is made to be as homogeneous as possible within
the test area. This includes the texture and voids content, but it should also be observed that if the rolling
process results in more effective rolling at some places than others, the texture may be different and unevenness
causing bumps may also occur.
2.5. Period
of
testing
In order to check whether the surface continues to conform to the texture and voids content or sound
absorption requirements stipulated in this standard, periodic testing of the surface shall be done at the
following intervals:
(a) For residual voids content (VC) or sound absorption (α):
When the surface is new:
If the surface meets the requirements when new, no further periodical testing is required. If it does not meet
the requirement when it is new, it may do so later because surfaces tend to become clogged and compacted
with time;
(b) For texture depth (TD):
When the surface is new:
When the noise testing starts (Note: not before four weeks after laying);
Then every twelve months.
( 1 ) ISO 10844:1994.

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3. TEST
SURFACE
DESIGN
3.1. Area
When designing the test track layout it is important to ensure that, as a minimum requirement, the area
traversed by the vehicles running through the test strip is covered with the specified test material with
suitable margins for safe and practical driving. This will require that the width of the track is at least 3 m
and the length of the track extends beyond lines AA and BB by at least 10 m at either end. Figure 1 shows a
plan of a suitable test site and indicates the minimum area which shall be machine laid and machine compacted
with the specified test surface material. According to Annex 3, paragraph 3.2, measurements have to be made on
each side of the vehicle. This can be made either by measuring with two microphone locations (one on each side
of the track) and driving in one direction, or measuring with a microphone only on one side of the track but
driving the vehicle in two directions. If the latter method is used, then there are no surface requirements on that
side of the track where there is no microphone.
Figure 1
Minimum requirements for test surface area. The shaded part is called ‘Test Area’
Key
Minimum area covered with test road surface, i.e. test area
Microphone (height 1,2 m)
NOTE – There shall be no large acoustically reflective objects within this radius.
3.2. Design
and
preparation
of
the
surface
3.2.1. Basic
design
requirements
The test surface shall meet four design requirements:
3.2.1.1. It shall be a dense asphaltic concrete.
3.2.1.2. The maximum chipping size shall be 8 mm (tolerances allow from 6,3 mm to 10 mm).
3.2.1.3. The thickness of the wearing course shall be ≥ 30 mm.
3.2.1.4. The binder shall be a straight penetration grade bitumen without modification.

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23.11.2011 Official
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Union L
307/35
3.2.2. Design
guidelines
As a guide to the surface constructor, an aggregate grading curve which will give desired characteristics is shown
in Figure 2. In addition, Table 1 gives some guidelines in order to obtain the desired texture and durability. The
grading curve fits the following formula:
P (% passing) = 100 (d/d max ) 1/2
where:
d =
square
mesh
sieve
size,
in
mm
d max = 8 mm for the mean curve
= 10 mm for the lower tolerance curve
= 6,3 mm for the upper tolerance curve
Figure 2
Grading curve of the aggregate in the asphaltic mix with tolerances
In addition to the above, the following recommendations are given:
(a) The sand fraction (0,063 mm < square mesh sieve size < 2 mm) shall include no more than 55 per cent
natural sand and at least 45 per cent crushed sand;
(b) The base and sub-base shall ensure a good stability and evenness, according to best road construction
practice;

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(c) The chippings shall be crushed (100 per cent crushed faces) and of a material with a high resistance to
crushing;
(d) The chippings used in the mix shall be washed;
(e) No extra chippings shall be added onto the surface;
(f) The binder hardness expressed as PEN value shall be 40 - 60, 60 - 80 or even 80 - 100 depending on the
climatic conditions of the country. The rule is that as hard a binder as possible shall be used, provided this is
consistent with common practice;
(g) The temperature of the mix before rolling shall be chosen so as to achieve by subsequent rolling the required
voids content. In order to increase the probability of satisfying the specifications of paragraphs 2.1 to 2.4
above, the compactness shall be studied not only by an appropriate choice of mixing temperature, but also
by an appropriate number of passings and by the choice of compacting vehicle.
Table 1
Design guidelines
Target values
Tolerances
By total mass of mix By
mass
of
the
aggregate
Mass of stones, square mesh sieve
47,6 % 50,5
% ±
5%
(SM) > 2 mm
Mass of sand 0,063 < SM < 2 mm 38,0
% 40,2
% ±
5%
Mass of filler SM < 0,063 mm 8,8
% 9,3
% ±
5%
Mass of binder (bitumen) 5,8
% N.A. ±
0,5
%
Max. chipping size 8
mm 6,3
-
10
mm
Binder hardness (see
paragraph
3.2.2(f))
Polished stone value (PSV) >
50
Compactness, relative to Marshall
98 %
Compactness
4. TEST
METHOD
4.1. Measurement
of
the
residual
voids
content
For the purpose of this measurement, cores have to be taken from the track in at least four different positions,
which are equally distributed in the test area between lines AA and BB (see Figure 1). In order to avoid
inhomogeneity and unevenness in the wheel tracks, cores should not be taken in wheel tracks themselves,
but close to them. Two cores (minimum) should be taken close to the wheel tracks and one core (minimum)
should be taken approximately midway between the wheel tracks and each microphone location.
If there is a suspicion that the condition of homogeneity is not met (see paragraph 2.4), cores shall be taken
from more locations within the test area.
The residual voids content has to be determined for each core, then the average value from all cores shall be
calculated and compared with the requirement of paragraph 2.1. In addition, no single core shall have a voids
value, which is higher than 10 per cent.
The test surface constructor is reminded of the problem, which may arise when the test area is heated by pipes
or electrical wires and cores shall be taken from this area. Such installations shall be carefully planned with
respect to future core drilling locations. It is recommended to leave a few locations of size approximately
200 mm × 300 mm where there are no wires/pipes or where the latter are located deep enough in order not
to be damaged by cores taken from the surface layer.

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23.11.2011 Official
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Union L
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4.2. Sound
absorption
coefficient
The sound absorption coefficient (normal incidence) shall be measured by the impedance tube method using the
procedure specified in ISO 10534-1:1996 or ISO 10534-2:1998.
Regarding test specimens, the same requirements shall be followed as regarding the residual voids content (see
paragraph 4.1). The sound absorption shall be measured in the range between 400 Hz and 800 Hz and in the
range between 800 Hz and 1 600 Hz (at least at the centre frequencies of third octave bands) and the maximum
values shall be identified for both of these frequency ranges. Then these values, for all test cores, shall be
averaged to constitute the final result.
4.3. Volumetric
macro-texture
measurement
For the purpose of this standard, texture depth measurements shall be made on at least 10 positions evenly
spaced along the wheel tracks of the test strip and the average value taken to compare with the specified
minimum texture depth. See Standard ISO 10844:1994 for description of the procedure.
5. STABILITY
IN
TIME
AND
MAINTENANCE
5.1. Age
influence
In common with any other surfaces, it is expected that the tyre rolling sound level measured on the test surface
may increase slightly during the first 6 - 12 months after construction.
The surface will achieve its required characteristics not earlier than four weeks after construction. The influence
of age on the noise from trucks is generally less than that from cars.
The stability over time is determined mainly by the polishing and compaction by vehicles driving on the surface.
It shall be periodically checked as stated in paragraph 2.5.
5.2. Maintenance
of
the
surface
Loose debris or dust, which could significantly reduce the effective texture depth shall be removed from the
surface. In countries with winter climates, salt is sometimes used for de-icing. Salt may alter the surface
temporarily or even permanently in such a way as to increase noise and is therefore not recommended.
5.3. Repaving
the
test
area
If it is necessary to repave the test track, it is usually unnecessary to repave more than the test strip (of 3 m
width in Figure 1) where vehicles are driving, provided the test area outside the strip met the requirement of
residual voids content or sound absorption when it was measured.
6.
DOCUMENTATION OF THE TEST SURFACE AND OF TESTS PERFORMED ON IT
6.1. Documentation
of
the
test
surface
The following data shall be given in a document describing the test surface:
6.1.1. The
location
of
the
test
track;
6.1.2. Type of binder, binder hardness, type of aggregate, maximum theoretical density of the concrete (DR), thickness
of the wearing course and grading curve determined from cores from the test track;
6.1.3. Method of compaction (e.g. type of roller, roller mass, number of passes);
6.1.4. Temperature of the mix, temperature of the ambient air and wind speed during laying of the surface;
6.1.5. Date
when
the
surface
was
laid
and
contractor;
6.1.6. All or at least the latest test result, including:

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6.1.6.1. The residual voids content of each core;
6.1.6.2. The locations in the test area from where the cores for voids measurements have been taken;
6.1.6.3. The sound absorption coefficient of each core (if measured). Specify the results both for each core and each
frequency range as well as the overall average;
6.1.6.4. The locations in the test area from where the cores for absorption measurement have been taken;
6.1.6.5. Texture depth, including the number of tests and standard deviation;
6.1.6.6. The institution responsible for tests according to paragraphs 6.1.6.1 and 6.1.6.2 and the type of equipment used;
6.1.6.7. Date of the test(s) and date when the cores were taken from the test track.
6.2. Documentation
of
vehicle
noise
tests
conducted
on
the
surface
In the document describing the vehicle noise test(s) it shall be stated whether all the requirements of this
standard were fulfilled or not. Reference shall be given to a document according to paragraph 6.1 describing
the results which verify this.

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EN
23.11.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
307/39
ANNEX 5
TEST PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING WET GRIP
1. GENERAL
TEST
CONDITIONS
1.1. Track
characteristics
The track shall have a dense asphalt surface with a gradient in any direction not exceeding 2 per cent. It shall
be of uniform age, composition, and wear and shall be free of loose material or foreign deposits. The
maximum chipping size shall be 10 mm (tolerances permitted from 8 mm to 13 mm) and the sand depth
measured as specified in ASTM standard E 965-96 (2006) shall be 0,7 ± 0,3 mm.
The surface friction value for the wetted track shall be established by one or other of the following methods:
1.1.1. Standard
reference
test
tyre
(SRTT)
method
When tested using the SRTT and the method given in paragraph 2.1 the average peak brake force coefficient
(pbfc) shall be between 0,6 and 0,8. The measured values shall be corrected for the effects of temperature as
follows:
pbfc = pbfc (measured) + 0,0035 (t – 20)
where ‘t’ is the wetted track surface temperature in degrees Celsius.
The test shall be conducted using the lanes and length of the track to be used for the wet grip test;
1.1.2. British
pendulum
number
(BPN)
method
The averaged British pendulum number (BPN) of the wetted track, measured in accordance with the
procedure given in the ASTM standard E 303-93 (2008) and using the pad as specified in ASTM standard
E 501-08, shall be between 40 and 60 after temperature correction. Unless temperature correction recom
mendations are indicated by the pendulum manufacturer, the following formula can be used:
BPN = BPN (measured value) + 0,34 t – 0,0018 t 2 – 6,1
where ‘t’ is the wetted track surface temperature in degrees Celsius.
In the lanes of the track to be used during the wet grip tests, the BPN shall be measured at intervals of 10 m
along the length of the lanes. The BPN shall be measured 5 times at each point and the coefficient of
variation of the BPN averages shall not exceed by 10 per cent.
1.1.3.
The Type Approval Authority shall satisfy itself of the characteristics of the track on the basis of evidence
produced in test reports.
1.2. Wetting
conditions
The surface may be wetted from the track-side or by a wetting system incorporated into the test vehicle or
the trailer.
If a track-side system is used, the test surface shall be wetted for at least half an hour prior to testing in order
to equalise the surface temperature and water temperature. It is recommended that track-side wetting be
continuously applied throughout testing.
The water depth shall be between 0,5 and 1,5 mm.
1.3. The
wind
conditions
shall
not
interfere
with
wetting
of
the
surface
(wind-shields
are
permitted).
The wetted surface temperature shall be between 5 °C and 35 °C and shall not vary during the test by more
than 10 °C.
2. TEST
PROCEDURE
The comparative wet grip performance shall be established using either:
(a) A trailer or special purpose tyre evaluation vehicle; or
(b) A standard production passenger carrying vehicle (M 1 category as defined in the Consolidated Resolution
on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3.) contained in ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2.

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2.1. Trailer
or
special
purpose
tyre
evaluation
vehicle
procedure
2.1.1.
The trailer, together with the towing vehicle, or the tyre evaluation vehicle shall comply with the following
requirements:
2.1.1.1.
Be capable of exceeding the upper limit for the test speed of 67 km/h and of maintaining the test speed
requirement of 65 ± 2 km/h at the maximum level of application of braking forces;
2.1.1.2.
Be equipped with an axle providing one test position having an hydraulic brake and actuation system that can
be operated from the towing vehicle if applicable. The braking system shall be capable of providing sufficient
braking torque to achieve the peak brake force coefficient over the range of tyre sizes and tyre loads to be
tested;
2.1.1.3.
Be capable of maintaining longitudinal alignment (toe) and camber of the test wheel and tyre assembly
throughout the test within ± 0,5° of the static figures achieved at the test tyre loaded condition;
2.1.1.4.
In the case of a trailer, the mechanical coupling device between the towing vehicle and trailer shall be such
that, when the towing vehicle and trailer are coupled together, the drawbar, or part of the drawbar, of a trailer
that incorporates the braking force measurement sensing is horizontal or slopes downwards from rear to
front at a maximum angle of 5°. The longitudinal distance from the centre line of the articulation point of the
coupling (hitch) to the transverse centre line of the axle of the trailer shall be at least ten times the coupling
(hitch) height;
2.1.1.5.
In the case of vehicles that incorporate a track wetting system, the water delivery nozzle(s) shall be such that
the resulting water film is of uniform section extending at least 25 mm beyond the width of the tyre contact
patch. The nozzle(s) shall be directed downwards at an angle of 20° to 30° and shall contact the track surface
between 250 mm and 450 mm in front of the centre of the tyre contact patch. The height of the nozzle(s)
shall be 25 mm or the minimum to avoid any obstacles on the track surface without exceeding a maximum
of 100 mm. Water delivery rate shall ensure a water depth of 0,5 mm to 1,5 mm and shall be consistent
throughout the test to within ± 10 per cent. Note that a typical rate for testing at 65 km/h will be 18 ls –1 per
metre of wetted track surface width.
The system shall be able to deliver the water such that the tyre, and track surface in front of the tyre, is
wetted before the start of braking and throughout the duration of the test.
2.1.2. Test
procedure
2.1.2.1. The
test
tyre
shall
be
trimmed
to
remove
any
moulding
protrusions
that
are
likely
to
affect
the
test.
2.1.2.2.
The test tyre shall be mounted on the test rim declared by the tyre manufacturer in the approval application
and shall be inflated to 180 kPa in the case of the SRTT and standard load tyre or 220 kPa in the case of a
reinforced or extra load tyre.
2.1.2.3.
The tyre shall be conditioned for a minimum of two hours adjacent to the test track such that it is stabilised
at the ambient temperature of the test track area. The tyre(s) shall not be exposed to direct sunshine during
conditioning.
2.1.2.4. The
tyre
shall
be
loaded
to:
(a) Between 445 kg and 508 kg in the case of the SRTT; and
(b) Between 70 per cent and 80 per cent of the load value corresponding to the load index of the tyre in any
other case.
2.1.2.5.
Shortly before testing, the track shall be conditioned by carrying out at least ten braking tests on the part of
the track to be used for the performance test programme but using a tyre not involved in that programme.
2.1.2.6.
Immediately prior to testing, the tyre inflation pressure shall be checked and reset, if necessary, to the values
given in paragraph 2.1.2.2.
2.1.2.7. The test speed shall be between 63 km/h and 67 km/h and shall be maintained between these limits
throughout the test run.
2.1.2.8.
The direction of the test shall be the same for each set of tests and shall be the same for the test tyre as that
used for the SRTT with which its performance is to be compared.

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2.1.2.9.
The brakes of the test wheel assembly shall be applied such that peak braking force is achieved within 0,2 s
and 0,5 s of brake application.
2.1.2.10. In the case of a new tyre, two test runs shall be carried out to condition the tyre. These tests may be used to
check the operation of the recording equipment but the results shall not be taken into account in the
performance assessment.
2.1.2.11. For the evaluation of the performance of any tyre compared with that of the SRTT, the braking test shall be
carried out from the same point and in the same lane of the test track.
2.1.2.12. The
order
of
testing
shall
be:
R1 – T – R2
Where:
R1 is the initial test of the SRTT, R2 is the repeat test of the SRTT and T is the test of the candidate tyre to be
evaluated.
A maximum of three candidate tyres may be tested before repeating the SRTT test, for example:
R1 – T1 – T2 – T3 – R2
2.1.2.13. The average value of peak brake force coefficient (pbfc) shall be calculated over at least six valid results.
For results to be considered to be valid, the coefficient of variation as determined by the standard deviation
divided by the average result, expressed as a percentage, shall be within 5 per cent. If this is cannot achieved
with the repeat testing of the SRTT, the evaluation of the candidate tyre(s) shall be discarded and the entire
order of testing shall be repeated.
2.1.2.14. Using the value of the average pbfc for each series of test runs:
In the case of the order of testing R1 – T – R2, the pbfc of the SRTT to be used in the comparison of the
performance of the candidate tyre shall be taken to be:
(R1 + R2)/2
Where:
R1 is the average pbfc for the first series of test runs of the SRTT and R2 is the average pbfc for the second
series of test runs of the SRTT
In the case of the order of testing R1 – T1 – T2 – R2, the pbfc of the SRTT shall be taken to be:
2/3 R1 + 1/3 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T1 and
1/3 R1 + 2/3 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T2
In the case of the order of testing R1 – T1 – T2 – T3 – R2, the pbfc of the SRTT shall be taken to be:
3/4 R1 + 1/4 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T1
(R1 + R2)/2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T2 and
1/4 R1 + 3/4 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T3
2.1.2.15. The
wet
grip
index
(G)
shall
be
calculated
as:
pbfc of candidate tyre
G pbfc of SRTT
2.2. Standard
vehicle
procedure
2.2.1. The
vehicle
shall
be
a
standard
M 1 category vehicle, capable of a minimum speed of 90 km/h and equipped
with an anti-lock braking system (ABS).
2.2.1.1. The
vehicle
shall
not
be
modified
except:
(a) To allow the fitting of an increased range of wheel and tyre sizes;
(b) To allow mechanical (including hydraulic, electrical or pneumatic) operation of the service brake control.
The system may be operated automatically by signals from devices incorporated in, or adjacent to, the
track.

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2.2.2. Test
procedure
2.2.2.1.
The test tyres shall be trimmed to remove any moulding protrusions that are likely to affect the test.
2.2.2.2.
The test tyre shall be mounted on the test rim declared by the tyre manufacturer in the approval application
and shall be inflated to 220 kPa in all cases.
2.2.2.3.
The tyre shall be conditioned for a minimum of two hours adjacent to the test track such that it is stabilised
at the ambient temperature of the test track area. The tyre(s) shall not be exposed to direct sunshine during
conditioning.
2.2.2.4. The
static
load
on
the
tyre
shall
be:
(a) Between 381 kg and 572 kg in the case of the SRTT; and
(b) Between 60 per cent and 90 per cent of the load value corresponding to the load index of the tyre in any
other case.
The variation in load on tyres on the same axle shall be such that the load borne by the more lightly loaded
tyre shall not be less than 90 per cent of that of the tyre bearing the greater load.
2.2.2.5. Shortly
before
testing,
the
track
shall
be
conditioned
by
carrying
out
at
least
ten
braking
tests
from
90
km/h
to 20 km/h on the part of the track to be used for the performance test programme but using tyres not
involved in that programme.
2.2.2.6.
Immediately prior to testing, the tyre inflation pressure shall be checked and reset, if necessary, to the values
given in paragraph 2.2.2.2.
2.2.2.7.
Starting from an initial speed of between 87 km/h and 83 km/h, a constant force sufficient to cause operation
of the ABS on all wheels of the vehicle and to result in stable deceleration of the vehicle prior to the speed
being reduced to 80 km/h, shall be applied to the service brake control and this force shall be maintained
until the vehicle has been brought to rest.
The braking test shall be carried out with the clutch of a manual transmission disengaged or with the selector
of an automatic transmission in the neutral position.
2.2.2.8.
The direction of the test shall be the same for each set of tests and shall be the same for the candidate test
tyre as that used for the SRTT with which its performance is to be compared.
2.2.2.9.
In the case of new tyres, two test runs shall be carried out to condition the tyres. These tests may be used to
check the operation of the recording equipment but the results shall not be taken into account in the
performance assessment.
2.2.2.10. For the evaluation of the performance of any tyre compared with that of the SRTT, the braking test shall be
carried out from the same point and in the same lane of the test track.
2.2.2.11. The
order
of
testing
shall
be:
R1 – T – R2
Where:
R1 is the initial test of the SRTT, R2 is the repeat test of the SRTT and T is the test of the candidate tyre to be
evaluated.
A maximum of three candidate tyres may be tested before repeating the SRTT test, for example:
R1 – T1 – T2 – T3 – R2
2.2.2.12. The mean fully developed deceleration (mfdd) between 80 km/h and 20 km/h shall be calculated for at least
three valid results in the case of the SRTT and 6 valid results in the case of the candidate tyres.
The mean fully developed deceleration (mfdd) is given by:
mfdd = 231,48/S
Where:
S is the measured stopping distance in metres between 80 km/h and 20 km/h.
For results to be considered to be valid, the coefficient of variation as determined by the standard deviation
divided by the average result, expressed as a percentage, shall be within 3 per cent. If this is cannot achieved
with the repeat testing of the SRTT, the evaluation of the candidate tyre(s) shall be discarded and the entire
order of testing shall be repeated.

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The average of the calculated values of mfdd shall be determined for each series of test runs.
2.2.2.13. Using the value of the average mfdd for each series of test runs:
In the case of the order of testing R1 – T – R2, the mfdd of the SRTT to be used in the comparison of the
performance of the candidate tyre shall be taken to be:
(R1 + R2)/2
where:
R1 is the average mfdd for the first series of test runs of the SRTT and R2 is the average mfdd for the second
series of test runs of the SRTT
In the case of the order of testing R1 – T1 – T2 – R2, the mfdd of the SRTT shall be taken to be:
2/3 R1 + 1/3 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T1 and
1/3 R1 + 2/3 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T2
In the case of the order of testing R1 – T1 – T2 – T3 – R2, the mfdd of the SRTT shall be taken to be:
3/4 R1 + 1/4 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T1
(R1 + R2)/2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T2 and
1/4 R1 + 3/4 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T3
2.2.2.14. The
wet
grip
index
(G)
shall
be
calculated
as:
average mfdd of candidate tyre
G
mfdd of SRTT
2.2.2.15. In the case where the candidate tyres cannot be fitted to the same vehicle as the SRTT, for example, due to
tyre size, inability to achieve required loading and so on, comparison shall be made using intermediate tyres,
hereinafter referred to as ‘control tyres’, and two different vehicles. One vehicle shall be capable of being fitted
with the SRTT and the control tyre and the other vehicle shall be capable of being fitted with the control tyre
and the candidate tyre.
2.2.2.15.1. The wet grip index of the control tyre relative to the SRTT (G1) and of the candidate tyre relative to the
control tyre (G2) shall be established using the procedure in paragraphs 2.2.2.1 to 2.2.2.15.
The wet grip index of the candidate tyre relative to the SRTT shall be the product of the two resulting wet
grip indices that is G1 × G2.
2.2.2.15.2. The track, and the portion of the track, shall be the same for all of the tests and the ambient conditions shall
be comparable, for example, the surface temperature of the wetted track shall be within ± 5 °C. All tests shall
be completed within the same day.
2.2.2.15.3. The same set of control tyres shall be used for comparison with the SRTT and with the candidate tyre and
shall be fitted in the same wheel positions.
2.2.2.15.4. Control tyres that have been used for testing shall subsequently be stored under the same conditions as
required for the SRTT.
2.2.2.15.5. The SRTT and control tyres shall be discarded if there is irregular wear or damage or when the performance
appears to have deteriorated.

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L 307/44
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Official Journal of the European Union
23.11.2011
Appendix 1
TEST REPORT (ADHESION ON WET SURFACE)
Part 1 — Report
1. Type Approval Authority or Technical Service: ................................................................................................
................................
2. Name and address of applicant: .............................................................................................................................................................
3. Test report No: ................................................................................................
.............................................................................................
4. Manufacturer and Brand Name or Trade description: .....................................................................................................................
5. Tyre Class (C1, C2 or C3): ......................................................................................................................................................................
6. Category of use: ................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
7. Adhesion coefficient on wet surfaces relative to SRTT according to paragraphs 2.1.2.15 or 2.2.2.15 .........................
8. Comments (if any): ..............................................................................................
.......................................................................................
9. Date:
10. Signature:
Part 2 — Test data
1. Date
of
test:
...................................................................................................................................................................
...............................
2. Test
vehicle
(make,
model,
year,
modification,
etc.
or
trailer
identification):
..........................................................................
3. Location
of
test
track:
................................................................................................................................................................
................
3.1. Test track characteristics: ................................................................................................................................................................
..........
3.2. Issued by:
3.3. Method of certification: ................................................................................................................................................................
.............
4. Test
tyre
details:
................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
4.1. Tyre size designation and service description: ................................................................................................
...................................
4.2. Tyre brand and trade description: ................................................................................................
.........................................................
4.3. Reference inflation pressure: kPa ................................................................................................
............................................................
4.4. Test data:
Tyre SRTT Candidate Control
Test tyre load (kg)
Water depth (mm)
(from 0,5 to 1,5 mm)
Wetted track temperature average (°C)
(from 5 to 35 °C)
4.5. Test rim width code: ...........................................................................................
.......................................................................................
4.6. Temperature measurement sensor type: ................................................................................................
...............................................
4.7. Identification of the SRTT: ................................................................................................
.......................................................................

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5. Valid
test
results:
................................................................................................................................................................
.........................
Peak brake Mean fully
Run
Test
Direction
Control
force
developed
Wet Grip index
No
Speed
(km/h)
of run
SRTT Candidate
tyre
tyre
coefficient
deceleration
(G)
Comments
(pbfc)
(mfdd)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

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L 307/46
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
23.11.2011
ANNEX 6
TEST PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING ROLLING RESISTANCE
1. TEST
METHODS
The alternative measurement methods listed below are given in this Regulation. The choice of an individual
method is left to the tester. For each method, the test measurements shall be converted to a force acting at
the tyre/drum interface. The measured parameters are:
(a) in the force method: the reaction force measured or converted at the tyre spindle ( 1 );
(b) in the torque method: the torque input measured at the test drum ( 2 );
(c) in the deceleration method: the measurement of deceleration of the test drum and tyre assembly ( 2 );
(d) in the power method: the measurement of the power input to the test drum ( 2 ).
2. TEST
EQUIPMENT
2.1. Drum
specifications
2.1.1. Diameter
The test dynamometer shall have a cylindrical flywheel (drum) with a diameter of at least 1,7 m.
The Fr and Cr values shall be expressed relative to a drum diameter of 2,0 m. If drum diameter different than
2,0 m is used, a correlation adjustment shall be made following the method in paragraph 6.3.
2.1.2. Surface
The surface of the drum shall be smooth steel. Alternatively, in order to improve skim test reading accuracy, a
textured surface may also be used, which should be kept clean.
The Fr and Cr values shall be expressed relative to the ‘smooth’ drum surface. If a textured drum surface is used,
see Appendix 1, paragraph 7.
2.1.3. Width
The width of the drum test surface shall exceed the width of the test tyre contact patch.
2.2. Measuring
rim
The tyre shall be mounted on a steel or light alloy measuring rim, as follows:
(a) for Class C1 and C2 tyres, the width of the rim shall be as defined in ISO 4000-1:2010,
(b) for Class C3 tyres, the width of the rim shall be as defined in ISO 4209 1:2001. No other rim width shall be
allowed. See Appendix 2.
2.3. Load,
alignment,
control
and
instrumentation
accuracies
Measurement of these parameters shall be sufficiently accurate and precise to provide the required test data. The
specific and respective values are shown in Appendix 1.
2.4. Thermal
environment
2.4.1. Reference conditions
The reference ambient temperature, measured at a distance not less than 0,15 m and not more than 1 m from the
tyre sidewall, shall be 25 °C.
2.4.2. Alternative conditions
If the test ambient temperature is different from the reference ambient temperature, the rolling resistance
measurement shall be corrected to the reference ambient temperature in accordance with paragraph 6.2 of this
Annex.
( 1 ) This measured value also includes the bearing and aerodynamic losses of the wheel and tyre which are also to be considered for further
data interpretation.
( 2 ) The measured value in the torque, deceleration and power methods also includes the bearing and aerodynamic losses of the wheel, the
tyre, and the drum which are also to be considered for further data interpretation.

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2.4.3. Drum surface temperature.
Care should be taken to ensure that the temperature of the test drum surface is the same as the ambient
temperature at the beginning of the test.
3. TEST
CONDITIONS
3.1. General
The test consists of a measurement of rolling resistance in which the tyre is inflated and the inflation pressure
allowed to build up, i.e., ‘capped air’.
3.2. Test
speeds
The value shall be obtained at the appropriate drum speed specified in Table 1.
Table 1
Test Speeds
(in km/h)
Tyre Class C1 C2
and
C3 C3
Load Index All LI
≤ 121 LI
>
121
Speed Symbol All All J
100
km/h
and
lower
or
K 110 km/h and higher
tyres not marked with
speed symbol
Speed 80 80 60 80
3.3. Test
load
The standard test load shall be computed from the values shown in Table 2 and shall be kept within the tolerance
specified in Appendix 1.
3.4. Test
inflation
pressure
The inflation pressure shall be in accordance with that shown in Table 2 and shall be capped with the accuracy
specified in paragraph 4 of Appendix 1 to this Annex.
Table 2
Test Loads and Inflation Pressures
Tyre Class C1
( a ) C2,
C3
Standard Load Reinforced
or
Extra
Load
Load- % of maximum load
80 80 85
( b )
capacity
(% of single load)
Inflation pressure kPa 210 250 Corresponding
to
maximum
load capacity for single
application ( c )
Note: The inflation pressure shall be capped with the accuracy specified in paragraph 4 of Appendix 1 to this
Annex.
( a ) For those passenger car tyres belonging to categories which are not shown in ISO 4000-1:2010, the inflation pressure shall be
the inflation pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer, corresponding to the maximum tyre load capacity, reduced by
30 kPa.
( b ) As a percentage of single load, or 85 per cent of maximum load capacity for single application specified in applicable tyre
standards manuals if not marked on tyre.
( c ) Inflation pressure marked on sidewall, or if not marked on sidewall, as specified in applicable tyre standards manuals
corresponding to maximum load capacity for single application.
3.5. Duration
and
speed
When the deceleration method is selected, the following requirements apply:
(a) For duration Δt, the time increments shall not exceed 0,5 s;
(b) Any variation of the test drum speed shall not exceed 1 km/h within one time increment.

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4. TEST
PROCEDURE
4.1. General
The test procedure steps described below shall be followed in the sequence given.
4.2. Thermal
conditioning
The inflated tyre shall be placed in the thermal environment of the test location for a minimum of:
(a) 3 hours for Class C1 tyres;
(b) 6 hours for Class C2 and C3 tyres.
4.3. Pressure
adjustment
After thermal conditioning, the inflation pressure shall be adjusted to the test pressure, and verified 10 minutes
after the adjustment is made.
4.4. Warm-up
The warm-up durations shall be as specified in Table 3
Table 3
Warm Up Durations
Tyre Class C1
C2 and C3
C3
LI ≤ 121
LI > 121
Nominal Rim Diameter All All <
22,5
≥ 22,5
Warm up duration 30
min. 50
min. 150
min. 180
min.
4.5. Measurement
and
recording
The following shall be measured and recorded (see Figure 1):
(a) Test speed U n .
(b) Load on the tyre normal to the drum surface L m .
(c) The initial test inflation pressure as defined in paragraph 3.3.
(d) The coefficient of rolling resistance measured Cr, and its corrected value Cr c , at 25 °C and for a drum diameter
of 2 m.
(e) The distance from the tyre axis to the drum outer surface under steady state r L, .
(f) Ambient temperature t amb.
(g) Test drum radius R.
(h) Test method chosen.
(i) Test rim (size and material).
(j) Tyre size, manufacturer, type, identity number (if one exists), speed symbol, load index, DOT number
(Department of Transportation).

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Figure 1
All the mechanical quantities (forces, torques) will be orientated in accordance with the axis systems specified in
ISO 8855:1991.
The directional tyres shall be run in their specified rotation sense.
4.6. Measurement
of
parasitic
losses
The parasitic losses shall be determined by one of the following procedures given in paragraph 4.6.1 or 4.6.2.
4.6.1. Skim test reading
Skim test reading follows the procedure below:
(a) Reduce the load to maintain the tyre at the test speed without slippage ( 1 ).
The load values should be as follows:
(i) Class C1 tyres: recommended value of 100 N; not to exceed 200 N;
(ii) Class C2 tyres: recommended value of 150 N; not to exceed 200 N for machines designed for Class C1
tyre measurement or 500 N for machine designed for Class C2 and C3 tyres;
(iii) Class C3 tyres: recommended value of 400 N; not to exceed 500 N.
(b) Record the spindle force F t , input torque T t , or the power, whichever applies. ( 1 )
(c) Record the load on the tyre normal to the drum surface L m . ( 1 )
4.6.2. Deceleration method
The deceleration method follows the procedure below:
(a) Remove the tyre from the test surface;
(b) Record the deceleration of the test drum ΔωDo/ Δt and that of the unloaded tyre Δω T0 / Δt. ( 1 )
4.7. Allowance
for
machines
exceeding
σ m criterion
The steps described in paragraphs 4.3 to 4.5 shall be carried out once only, if the measurement standard deviation
determined in accordance with paragraph 6.5 is:
( 1 ) With the exception of the force method, the measured value includes the bearing and aerodynamic losses of the wheel, the tyre, and
the drum losses which also need to be considered.
It is known that the spindle and drum bearing frictions depend on the applied load. Consequently, it is different for the loaded system
measurement and the skim test reading. However, for practical reasons, this difference can be disregarded.

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(a) not greater than 0,075 N/kN for Class C1 and C2 tyres;
(b) not greater than 0,06 N/kN for Class C3 tyres.
If the measurement standard deviation exceeds this criterion, the measurement process will be repeated n times as
described in paragraph 6.5. The rolling resistance value reported shall be the average of the n measurements.
5. DATA
INTERPRETATION
5.1. Determination
of
parasitic
losses
5.1.1. General
The laboratory shall perform the measurements described in paragraph 4.6.1 for the force, torque and power
methods or those described in paragraph 4.6.2 for the deceleration method, in order to determine precisely in the
test conditions (load, speed, temperature) the tyre spindle friction, the tyre and wheel aerodynamic losses, the drum
(and as appropriate, engine and/or clutch) bearing friction, and the drum aerodynamic losses.
The parasitic losses related to the tyre/drum interface F pl expressed in newton shall be calculated from the force F t
torque, power or the deceleration, as shown in paragraphs 5.1.2 to 5.1.5 below.
5.1.2. Force method at tyre spindle
Calculate:
F pl = F t (1 + r L /R)
where:
F t is the tyre spindle force in newton (see paragraph 4.6.1);
r L is the distance from the tyre axis to the drum outer surface under steady state conditions, in metre;
R is
the
test
drum
radius,
in
meter.
5.1.3. Torque method at drum axis
Calculate:
F pl = T t /R
where:
T t is the input torque in newton meter, as determined in paragraph 4.6.1.
R is
the
test
drum
radius,
in
meter.
5.1.4. Power method at drum axis
Calculate:
3
F
; 6V

A
pl U n
where:
V is the electrical potential applied to the machine drive, in volt;
A is
the
electric
current
drawn
by
the
machine
drive,
in
ampere;
U n is the test drum speed, in kilometre per hour.
5.1.5. Deceleration method
Calculate the parasitic losses F pl , in newton.
I
Δω
I
Δω
F

D

D0

T

T0

8 9 8 9
pl R > : Δt 0 > ; R r > : Δt 0 > ;
where:
I D is the test drum inertia in rotation, in kilogram meter squared;
R is
the
test
drum
surface
radius,
in
meter;

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ω D0 is the test drum angular speed, without tyre, in radians per second;
Δt 0 is the time increment chosen for the measurement of the parasitic losses without tyre, in second;
I T
is the spindle, tyre and wheel inertia in rotation, in kilogram meter squared;
R r is the tyre rolling radius, in metre;
ω T0 is the tyre angular speed, unloaded tyre, in radian per second.
5.2. Rolling
resistance
calculation
5.2.1. General
The rolling resistance F r , expressed in newton, is calculated using the values obtained by testing the tyre to the
conditions specified in this international standard and by subtracting the appropriate parasitic losses F pl , obtained
according to paragraph 5.1.
5.2.2. Force method at tyre spindle
The rolling resistance Fr, in newton, is calculated using the equation
F r = F t [1 + (r L /R)] – F pl
where:
F t is the tyre spindle force in newton;
F pl represents the parasitic losses as calculated in paragraph 5.1.2;
r L is the distance from the tyre axis to the drum outer surface under steady-state conditions, in metre;
R is
the
test
drum
radius,
in
metre.
5.2.3. Torque method at drum axis
The rolling resistance F r , in newton, is calculated with the equation
T
F
t

r R F pl
where:
T t is the input torque, in newton metre;
F pl represents the parasitic losses as calculated in paragraph 5.1.3;
R is
the
test
drum
radius,
in
metre.
5.2.4. Power method at drum axis
The rolling resistance F r , in newton, is calculated with the equation:
3
F
; 6V

A
r
U n F pl
where:
V is the electrical potential applied to the machine drive, in volt;
A is
the
electric
current
drawn
by
the
machine
drive,
in
ampere;
U n is the test drum speed, in kilometre per hour;
F pl represents the parasitic losses as calculated in paragraph 5.1.4.
5.2.5. Deceleration method
The rolling resistance F r , in newton, is calculated using the equation:
I
Δω
RI
Δω
F

D

v

T

v

r 8 9
8 9
R > : Δt v > ; R 2 r > : Δt v > ; F pl

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L 307/52
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Official Journal of the European Union
23.11.2011
where:
I D is the test drum inertia in rotation, in kilogram metre squared;
R is
the
test
drum
surface
radius,
in
meter;
F pl represents the parasitic losses as calculated in paragraph 5.1.5;
Δt v is the time increment chosen for measurement, in second;
Δω v is the test drum angular speed increment, without tyre, in radian per second;
I T
is the spindle, tyre and wheel inertia in rotation, in kilogram metre squared;
R r is the tyre rolling radius, in metre.
F r
is the rolling resistance, in newton.
6. DATA
ANALYSIS
6.1. Rolling
resistance
coefficient
The rolling resistance coefficient C r is calculated by dividing the rolling resistance by the load on the tyre:
F
C

r

r L m
where:
F r is the rolling resistance, in newton;
L m is the test load, in kN.
6.2. Temperature
correction
If measurements at temperatures other than 25 °C are unavoidable (only temperatures not less than 20 °C or more
than 30 °C are acceptable), then a correction for temperature shall be made using the following equation, with:
F r25 is the rolling resistance at 25 °C, in newton:
F r25 = F r [1 + K (t amb – 25)]
where:
F r is the rolling resistance, in newton;
t amb is the ambient temperature, in degree Celsius;
K is
equal
to:
0,008 for Class C1 tyres
0,01 for Class C2 tyres
0,006 for Class C3 tyres
6.3. Drum
diameter
correction
Test results obtained from different drum diameters shall be compared by using the following theoretical formula:
F r02 KF r01
with:

K s
R 1 = R 2 R 2 r T
R 1 r T
where:
R 1 is the radius of drum 1, in meter;
R 2 is the radius of drum 2, in meter;
r T is one-half of the nominal design tyre diameter, in meter;
F r01 is the rolling resistance value measured on drum 1, in newton;
F r02 is the rolling resistance value measured on drum 2, in newton.

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6.4. Measurement
result
Where n measurements are greater than 1, if required by paragraph 4.6, the measurement result shall be the
average of the C r values obtained for the n measurements, after the corrections described in paragraphs 6.2 and
6.3 have been made.
6.5. The
laboratory
shall
ensure
that,
based
on
a
minimum
of
three
measurements,
the
machine
maintains
the
following values of σ m , as measured on a single tyre:
σ m ≤ 0,075 N/kN for tyres of Classes C1 and C2
σ m ≤ 0,06 N/kN for tyres of Class C3
If the above requirement for σ m is not met, the following formula shall be applied to determine the minimum
number of measurements n (rounded to the immediate superior integer value) that are required by the machine to
qualify for conformance with this Regulation.
n = (σ m / x) 2
where:
x = 0,075 N/kN for tyres of Classes C1 and C2
x = 0,06 N/kN for tyres of Class C3
If a tyre needs to be measured several times, the tyre/wheel assembly shall be removed from the machine between
the successive measurements.
If the removal/refitting operation duration is less than 10 minutes, the warm-up durations indicated in paragraph
4.3 may be reduced to:
(a) 10 minutes for tyres of Class C1
(b) 20 minutes for tyres of Class C2
(c) 30 minutes for tyres of Class C3
6.6. Monitoring of the laboratory control tyre shall be carried out at intervals no greater than one month. Monitoring
shall include a minimum of 3 separate measurements taken during this one month period. The average of the 3
measurements taken during a given one-month period shall be evaluated for drift from one monthly evaluation to
another.

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L 307/54
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
23.11.2011
Appendix 1
TEST EQUIPMENT TOLERANCES
1. PURPOSE
The limits specified in this Annex are necessary in order to achieve suitable levels of repeatable test results, which
can also be correlated among various test laboratories. These tolerances are not meant to represent a complete set
of engineering specifications for test equipment; rather, they should serve as guidelines for achieving reliable test
results.
2. TEST
RIMS
2.1. Width
For passenger car tyre rims (C1 tyres), the test rim width shall be the same as the measuring rim determined in ISO
4000-1: 2010 clause 6.2.2.
For truck and bus tyres (C2 and C3), the rim width shall be the same as the measuring rim determined ISO
4209-1:2001 clause 5.1.3.
2.2. Run-out
Run-out shall meet the following criteria:
(a) maximum radial run-out: 0,5 mm
(b) maximum lateral run-out: 0,5 mm
3. DRUM/TYRE
ALIGNMENT
General:
Angle deviations are critical to the test results.
3.1. Load
application
The direction of tyre loading application shall be kept normal to the test surface and shall pass through the wheel
centre within
(a) 1 mrad for the force and deceleration methods;
(b) 5 mrad for the torque and power methods.
3.2. Tyre
alignment
3.2.1. Camber angle
The plane of the wheel shall be perpendicular to the test surface within 2 mrad for all methods.
3.2.2. Slip angle
The plane of the tyre shall be parallel to the direction of the test surface motion within 1 mrad for all methods.
4. CONTROL
ACCURACY
Test conditions shall be maintained at their specified values, independent of perturbations induced by the tyre and
rim non-uniformity, such that the overall variability of the rolling resistance measurement is minimised. In order to
meet this requirement, the average value of measurements taken during the rolling resistance data collection period
shall be within the accuracies stated as follows:
(a) tyre loading:
(i) for LI ≤ 121) +/– 20 N or +/– 0,5 per cent, whichever is greater
(ii) for LI > 121) +/– 45 N or +/– 0,5 per cent whichever is greater
(b) cold inflation pressure: +/– 3 kPa
(c) surface speed:
(i) +/– 0,2 km/h for the power, torque and deceleration methods
(ii) +/– 0,5 km/h for the force method
(d) time: +/– 0,02 s

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EN
23.11.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
307/55
5. INSTRUMENTATION
ACCURACY
The instrumentation used for readout and recording of test data shall be accurate within the tolerances stated
below:
Parameter Load
Index
≤ 121 Load
Index
>
121
tyre load +/–
10
N
or
+/–
0,5%
( a )
+/– 30 N or +/– 0,5% ( a )
inflation pressure +/–
1
kPa +/–
1,5
kPa
spindle force +/–
0,5
N
or
+
0,5%
( a ) +/–
1,0
N
or
+
0,5%
( a )
torque input +/–
0,5
Nm
or
+
0,5%
( a ) +/–
1,0
Nm
or
+
0,5%
( a )
distance +/–
1
mm +/–
1
mm
electrical power +/–
10
W +/–
20
W
temperature +/–
0,2
°C
surface speed +/–
0,1
km/h
time +/–
0,01
s
angular velocity +
/–
0,1
%
( a ) whichever is greater.
6.
COMPENSATION FOR LOAD/SPINDLE FORCE INTERACTION AND LOAD MISALIGNMENT FOR THE FORCE
METHOD ONLY
Compensation of both load/spindle force interaction (‘cross talk’) and load misalignment may be achieved either by
recording the spindle force for both forward and reverse tyre rotation or by dynamic machine calibration. If
spindle force is recorded for forward and reverse directions (at each test condition), compensation is achieved by
subtracting the ‘reverse’ value from the ‘forward’ value and dividing the result by two. If dynamic machine
calibration is intended, the compensation terms may be easily incorporated in the data reduction.
In cases where reverse tyre rotation immediately follows the completion of the forward tyre rotation, a warm-up
time for reverse tyre rotation shall be at least 10 minutes for Class C1 tyres and 30 minutes for all other tyre
types.
7. TEST
SURFACE
ROUGHNESS
The roughness, measured laterally, of the smooth steel drum surface shall have a maximum centreline average
height value of 6,3 μm.
Note: In cases where a textured drum surface is used instead of a smooth steel surface, this fact is noted in the test
report. The surface texture shall then be 180 μm deep (80 grit) and the laboratory is responsible for maintaining
the surface roughness. No specific correction factor is recommended for cases where a textured drum surface is
used.

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L 307/56
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
23.11.2011
Appendix 2
MEASURING RIM WIDTH
1. CLASS C1 TYRES
The measuring rim width R m is equal to the product of the nominal section width S N and the coefficient K 2 :
R m = K 2 × S N
rounded to the nearest standardised rim, where K 2 is the rim/section width ratio coefficient. For tyres mounted on 5°
drop-centre rims with a nominal diameter expressed by a two-figure code:
K 2 = 0,7 for nominal aspect ratios 95 to 75
K 2 = 0,75 for nominal aspect ratios 70 to 60
K 2 = 0,8 for nominal aspect ratios 55 and 50
K 2 = 0,85 for nominal aspect ratio 45
K 2 = 0,9 for nominal aspect ratios 40 to 30
K 2 = 0,92 for nominal aspect ratios 20 and 25
2. CLASS C2 AND C3 TYRES
The measuring rim width R m is equal to the product of the nominal section width S N , and the coefficient K 4 :
R m = K 4 × S N rounded to the nearest standardised rim width.
Table 1
Coefficients for determining measuring rim width
Tyre Structure Code Type
of
rim Nominal
aspect
ratio
H/S Measuring
rim/
section
ratio
K 4
100 to 75 0,70
70 and 65 0,75
60 0,75
5° tapered
55 0,80
50 0,80
45 0,85
B, D, R
40 0,90
90 to 65 0,75
60 0,80
55 0,80
15° tapered (drop-centre)
50 0,80
45 0,85
40 0,85
Note: Other factors may be established for new tyre concepts (structures).

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EN
23.11.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
307/57
Appendix 3
TEST REPORT AND TEST DATA (ROLLING RESISTANCE)
Part 1 — Report
1. Type Approval Authority or Technical Service: ................................................................................................
................................
2. Name and address of applicant: .............................................................................................................................................................
3. Test report No: ................................................................................................
.............................................................................................
4. Manufacturer and brand name or trade description: ................................................................................................
.......................
5. Tyre class (C1, C2 or C3): ................................................................................................
.......................................................................
6. Category of use: ................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
7. Rolling resistance coefficient (temperature and drum diameter corrected): ..............................................................................
8. Comments (if any): ..............................................................................................
.......................................................................................
9. Date:
10. Signature:
Part 2 — Test data
1. Date
of
test:
...................................................................................................................................................................
...............................
2. Test
machine
identification
and
drum
diameter
/
surface:
............................................................................................................
3. Test
tyre
details:
................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
3.1. Tyre size designation and service description: ................................................................................................
...................................
3.2. Tyre brand and trade description: ................................................................................................
.........................................................
3.3. Reference inflation pressure kPa: ................................................................................................
............................................................
4. Test
data:
4.1. Measurement method: ................................................................................................................................................................
................
4.2. Test speed km/h: ................................................................................................................................................................
.........................
4.3. Load N:
4.4. Test inflation pressure, initial: ................................................................................................
.................................................................
4.5. Distance from the tyre axis to the drum outer surface under steady state conditions, rL: ...............................................
4.6. Test rim width and material: ...................................................................................................................................................................
4.7. Ambient temperature °C: ................................................................................................................................................................
..........
4.8. Skim test load (except deceleration method) N: ................................................................................................
...............................
5. Rolling
resistance
coefficient:
...................................................................................................................................................................
5.1. Initial value (or average in the case of more than 1) N/kN: ................................................................................................
........
5.2. Temperature corrected N/kN: ................................................................................................
..................................................................
5.3. Temperature and drum diameter corrected N/kN: ...........................................................................................................................

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L 307/58
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
23.11.2011
ANNEX 7
PROCEDURES FOR SNOW PERFORMANCE TESTING
1. SPECIFIC
DEFINITIONS
FOR
SNOW
TEST
WHEN
DIFFERENT
OF
EXISTING
ONES
1.1. ‘Test run’ means a single pass of a loaded tyre over a given test surface.
1.2. ‘Braking test’ means a series of a specified number of ABS-braking test runs of the same tyre repeated within a
short time frame.
1.3. ‘Traction test’ means a series of a specified number of spin-traction test runs according to ASTM standard
F1805-06 of the same tyre repeated within a short time frame.
2. SPIN
TRACTION
METHOD
FOR
CLASS
C1
AND
C2
TYRES
The test procedure of ASTM standard F1805-06 shall be used to assess snow performance through spin traction
values on medium packed snow (The snow compaction index measured with a CTI penetrometer ( 1 ) shall be
between 70 and 80).
2.1. The
test
course
surface
shall
be
composed
of
a
medium
packed
snow
surface,
as
characterised
in
Table
A2.1
of
ASTM standard F1805-06.
2.2. The
tyre
load
for
testing
shall
be
as
per
option
2
in
paragraph
11.9.2
of
ASTM
standard
F1805-06.
3. BRAKING
ON
SNOW
METHOD
FOR
CLASS
C1
TYRES
3.1. General
conditions
3.1.1. Test
course
The braking tests shall be done on a flat test surface of sufficient length and width, with a maximum 2 per cent
gradient, covered with packed snow.
The snow surface shall be composed of a hard packed snow base at least 3 cm thick and a surface layer of
medium packed and prepared snow about 2 cm thick.
Both air temperature, measured about one meter above the ground, and snow temperature, measured at a depth
of about one centimetre, shall be between – 2 °C and – 15 °C.
It is recommended to avoid direct sun light, large variations of sun light or humidity, as well as wind.
The snow compaction index measured with a CTI penetrometer shall be between 75 and 85.
3.1.2. Vehicle
The test shall be conducted with a standard production passenger car in good running order and equipped with
an ABS system.
The vehicle used shall be such that the loads on each wheel are appropriate to the tyres being tested. Several
different tyre sizes can be tested on the same vehicle.
3.1.3. Tyres
Tyres shall be trimmed, and broken-in prior to testing by driving at least 100 km on dry pavement. The tyre
surface in contact with snow shall be cleaned before performing a test.
Tyres shall be conditioned at the outdoor ambient temperature at least two hours before their mounting for tests.
Tyre pressures shall then be adjusted to the values specified for the test.
( 1 ) See appendix of ASTM standard F1805-06 for details.

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EN
23.11.2011 Official
Journal
of
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European
Union L
307/59
In case a vehicle cannot accommodate both the reference and candidate tyres, a third tyre (‘control’ tyre) may be
used as an intermediate. First test control vs. reference on another vehicle, then test candidate vs. control on the
vehicle.
3.1.4. Load
and
pressure
The vehicle load shall be such that the resulting loads on the tyres are between 60 per cent and 90 per cent of
the load corresponding to the tyre load index.
The cold inflation pressure shall be 240 kPa.
3.1.5. Instrumentation
The vehicle shall be fitted with calibrated sensors suitable for measurements in winter. There shall be a data
acquisition system to store measurements.
The accuracy of measurement sensors and systems shall be such that the relative uncertainty of the measured or
computed mean fully developed decelerations is less than 1 per cent.
3.2. Testing
sequences
3.2.1. For every candidate tyre and the standard reference tyre, ABS-braking test runs shall be repeated a minimum of 6
times.
The zones where ABS-braking is fully applied shall not overlap.
When a new set of tyres is tested, the runs are performed after shifting aside the vehicle trajectory in order not to
brake on the tracks of the previous tyre.
When it is no longer possible not to overlap full ABS-braking zones, the test course shall be re-groomed.
Required sequence:
6 repeats SRTT, then shift aside to test next tyre on fresh surface
6 repeats Candidate 1, then shift aside
6 repeats Candidate 2, then shift aside
6 repeats SRTT, then shift aside
3.2.2. Order
of
testing:
If only one candidate tyre is to be evaluated, the order of testing shall be:
R1 – T – R2
where:
R1 is the initial test of the SRTT, R2 is the repeat test of the SRTT and T is the test of the candidate tyre to be
evaluated.
A maximum of two candidate tyres may be tested before repeating the SRTT test, for example:
R1 – T1 – T2 – R2
3.2.3. The
comparative
tests
of
SRTT
and
candidate
tyres
shall
be
repeated
on
two
different
days.
3.3. Test
procedure
3.3.1. Drive
the
vehicle
at
a
speed
not
lower
than
28
km/h.
3.3.2. When the measuring zone has been reached, the vehicle gear is set into neutral, the brake pedal is depressed
sharply by a constant force sufficient to cause operation of the ABS on all wheels of the vehicle and to result in
stable deceleration of the vehicle and held down until the speed is lower than 8 km/h.
3.3.3. The mean fully developed deceleration between 25 km/h and 10 km/h shall be computed from time, distance,
speed, or acceleration measurements.

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L 307/60
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
23.11.2011
3.4. Data
evaluation
and
presentation
of
results
3.4.1. Parameters
to
be
reported
3.4.1.1. For each tyre and each braking test, the mean and standard deviation of the mfdd shall be computed and
reported.
The coefficient of variation CV of a tyre braking test shall be computed as:
Std
CV
:dev
tyre
tyre
Meantyre
3.4.1.2. Weighted averages of two successive tests of the SRTT shall be computed taking into account the number of
candidate tyres in between:
In the case of the order of testing R1 – T – R2, the weighted average of the SRTT to be used in the comparison
of the performance of the candidate tyre shall be taken to be:
wa(SRTT) = (R1 + R2)/2
where:
R1 is the mean mfdd for the first test of the SRTT and R2 is the mean mfdd for the second test of the SRTT.
In the case of the order of testing R1 – T1 – T2 – R2, the weighted average (wa) of the SRTT to be used in the
comparison of the performance of the candidate tyre shall be taken to be:
wa (SRTT) = 2/3 R1 + 1/3 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T1
and:
wa (SRTT) = 1/3 R1 + 2/3 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T2
3.4.1.3. The snow performance index in per cent of a candidate tyre shall be computed as:
Mean
Snow Index candidate
candidate
wa SRTT
3.4.2. Statistical
validations
The sets of repeats of measured or computed mfdd for each tyre should be examined for normality, drift,
eventual outliers.
The consistency of the means and standard-deviations of successive braking tests of SRTT should be examined.
The means of two successive SRTT braking tests shall not differ by more than 5 per cent.
The coefficient of variation of any braking test shall be less than 6 per cent.
If those conditions are not met, tests shall be performed again after re-grooming the test course.

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EN
23.11.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
307/61
Appendix 1
PICTOGRAM DEFINITION OF ‘ALPINE SYMBOL’
Minimum 15 mm base and 15 mm height, placed adjacent to the M+S inscription, if marked.
Above drawing not to scale.

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L 307/62
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
23.11.2011
Appendix 2
TEST REPORTS AND TEST DATA
Part 1 — Report
1. Type
Approval
Authority
or
Technical
Service:
................................................................................................
...............................
2. Name
and
address
of
applicant:
................................................................................................
............................................................
3. Test
report
No:
................................................................................................................................................................
............................
4. Manufacturer
and
brand
name
or
trade
description:
................................................................................................
......................
5. Tyre
class:
6. Category
of
use:
................................................................................................
..........................................................................................
7. Snow
index
relative
to
SRTT
according
to
paragraph
6.4.1.1.
7.1. Test procedure and SRTT used ................................................................................................
..............................................................
8. Comments
(if
any):
................................................................................................
....................................................................................
9. Date:
10. Signature:
Part 2 — Test data
1. Date of test: ...................................................................................................................................................................
...............................
2. Location
of
test
track:
...............................................................................................................................................................................
2.1. Test track characteristics:
At start of tests At
end
of
tests specification
weather
ambient temperature
– 2 °C to – 15 °C
snow temperature
– 2 °C to – 15 °C
CTI index 70
to
90
other
3. Test
vehicle
(make,
model
and
type,
year):
........................................................................................................................................
4. Test
tyre
details
................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
4.1. Tyre size designation and service description: ..................................................................................................................................
4.2. Tyre brand and trade description: ................................................................................................
.........................................................
4.3. Test tyre data: ................................................................................................
..............................................................................................
SRTT (1st test)
Candidate Candidate SRTT (2nd test)
Tyre dimensions
Test rim width code
Tyre loads F/R (kg)
Load index F/R (%)
Tyre pressure (kPa)

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EN
23.11.2011 Official
Journal
of
the
European
Union L
307/63
5. Test
results:
mean
fully
developed
decelerations
(m/s 2 ) / traction coefficient ( 1 ).
Run number Specification SRTT (1st test)
Candidate Candidate SRTT (2nd test)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mean
Std-deviation
CV (%) <
6%
Validation SRTT (SRTT)
<
5%
SRTT average
Snow index 100
( 1 ) Strike out what does not apply.

---